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A nurse is caring for a client with a new diagnosis of a vaginal fistula.
The client states, "I don't understand how I got this.”. Which of the following is a potential cause of a vaginal fistula?

A.

Open heart surgery.

B.

Tissue trauma from childbirth.

C.

Diabetes mellitus.

D.

Preeclampsia.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A rationale

Open heart surgery is unrelated to the development of vaginal fistulas.

 

Choice B rationale

Tissue trauma from childbirth can cause vaginal fistulas, as prolonged labor or obstetric interventions can damage vaginal tissue and lead to fistula formation.

 

Choice C rationale

Diabetes mellitus does not directly cause vaginal fistulas, although it can affect overall tissue health and healing.

 

Choice D rationale

Preeclampsia, while a serious pregnancy complication, is not a direct cause of vaginal fistulas.


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View Related questions

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Breast tenderness is considered a presumptive sign of pregnancy, as it can result from hormonal changes, but it is not definitive enough to confirm pregnancy.

Choice B rationale

Fetal heart tones detected by ultrasound are a positive sign of pregnancy. However, it is not a probable sign as it is definitive evidence of an existing pregnancy.

Choice C rationale

Fetal movement, often felt later in pregnancy, is a positive sign. It indicates an existing pregnancy but is not used to initially diagnose pregnancy.

Choice D rationale

A positive urine pregnancy test is a probable sign of pregnancy. It detects the presence of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin), a hormone produced during pregnancy, and is a widely used indicator of probable pregnancy. .

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale

GBS can be transmitted to the baby during both vaginal and cesarean deliveries if the mother is colonized with the bacteria. It is not limited to cesarean sections, hence why appropriate screening and treatment are essential.

Choice B rationale

GBS, although often harmless in the general population, can cause severe infections in newborns. This bacterium can be a source of severe neonatal infections like sepsis, pneumonia, and meningitis, necessitating preventive measures during pregnancy and delivery.

Choice C rationale

Screening for GBS is typically performed between 35 and 37 weeks of gestation, not at the first prenatal visit. This timing ensures accurate detection of the bacteria closer to the time of delivery.

Choice D rationale

Intravenous antibiotics during labor are recommended for mothers who test positive for GBS to prevent transmission to the baby. This intervention significantly reduces the risk of neonatal GBS infection.

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