A nurse is caring for a client whose serum potassium level is 5.3 mEq/L. Which of the following scheduled medications should the nurse plan to administer?
Digoxin
Lisinopril
Potassium iodide
Furosemide
The Correct Answer is D
A. Digoxin: Digoxin requires caution with elevated potassium levels, as hyperkalemia can increase the risk of digoxin toxicity. A potassium level of 5.3 mEq/L is borderline high, so it should be used cautiously.
B. Lisinopril: Lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor, can also increase potassium levels. It may not be the best choice for this client due to the elevated potassium.
C. Potassium iodide: Potassium iodide would further increase the client's potassium level and is contraindicated.
D. Furosemide: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can help to lower serum potassium levels by promoting potassium excretion. Therefore, it is appropriate for this client with an elevated potassium level.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Increase fluids to 1L/per day. Clients with emphysema are often encouraged to increase fluid intake beyond 1 liter to help thin secretions, but 1 liter per day is generally insufficient.
B. Administer the medication with food. Theophylline should not necessarily be taken with food; it is generally taken on an empty stomach, but it can be taken with food if gastrointestinal upset occurs.
C. Consume a high-protein diet. High-protein diets may increase the metabolism of theophylline, potentially decreasing its therapeutic effect. Dietary considerations for theophylline involve avoiding caffeine.
D. Avoid caffeine while taking this medication. Theophylline is a methylxanthine, similar to caffeine, and consuming caffeine can increase the risk of side effects like tachycardia, nervousness, and insomnia.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Daily or weekly weight: Daily or weekly weight measurements are a reliable way to assess fluid retention. A sudden increase in weight can indicate fluid overload.
B. Sodium level: While sodium levels can provide some information about fluid balance, they are not as direct or reliable as weight measurements for assessing fluid retention.
C. Tissue turgor: Tissue turgor can give some insight into hydration status but is subjective and less reliable compared to weight measurements, especially in clients with chronic conditions.
D. Intake and output: While monitoring intake and output is important for assessing fluid balance, it may not accurately reflect fluid retention, as it doesn't account for fluid shifts or loss through other routes.