A nurse is caring for a client who refuses a prescribed influenza immunization. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
Ask the client to describe their concerns.
Contact the provider who prescribed the immunization.
Provide the client with education about the immunization.
Document the client’s refusal of the immunization.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
Asking the client to describe their concerns allows the nurse to understand the client’s perspective and address any misconceptions or fears they may have about the influenza immunization.
Choice B rationale
Contacting the provider is important but should be done after understanding the client’s concerns to provide a comprehensive report.
Choice C rationale
Providing education is essential but should follow understanding the client’s specific concerns to tailor the information effectively.
Choice D rationale
Documenting the refusal is necessary but should be done after addressing the client’s concerns and providing education.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Incorrect packaging, such as a topical medication packaged as an oral medication, can lead to medication errors. However, it is not the most frequent cause of fatal medication errors. Packaging errors are relatively rare and usually caught before administration.
Choice B rationale
Delivery device problems, such as an infusion pump malfunction, can cause medication errors. These errors can be serious but are not the most frequent cause of fatal medication errors. Device malfunctions are often detected and corrected by healthcare professionals.
Choice C rationale
Name confusion between two medications with similar sounding names is the most frequent cause of fatal medication errors. This type of error occurs when medications with similar names are confused, leading to the administration of the wrong drug. This can have serious and sometimes fatal consequences.
Choice D rationale
Incorrect labeling of a medication dispensed by the pharmacy can lead to medication errors. While labeling errors are a significant concern, they are not the most frequent cause of fatal medication errors. These errors are often identified and corrected before administration.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Crushing tadalafil is not recommended as it can alter the medication’s effectiveness and absorption. Tadalafil should be taken whole to ensure proper dosage and efficacy.
Choice B rationale
Tadalafil can decrease blood pressure by relaxing blood vessels, which allows for increased blood flow. This is a known effect of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors like tadalafil.
Choice C rationale
Tadalafil should not be taken more than once a day. Taking it twice a day can increase the risk of side effects and is not recommended.
Choice D rationale
The effects of tadalafil can last up to 36 hours, not just 4 hours. This prolonged duration is one of the reasons it is preferred by some patients.