A nurse is caring for a client who recently traveled to a malaria-stricken country. The client is diagnosed with malaria and is prescribed chloroquine (Aralen). Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse educate the client regarding this medication?
Retinal toxicity
Tumors
Pancytopenia
Cancer
The Correct Answer is A
A. Retinal toxicity: Chloroquine is associated with retinal toxicity, which can lead to vision changes or damage. Regular eye exams are necessary to monitor for early signs of toxicity.
B. Tumors: Chloroquine is not associated with the development of tumors.
C. Pancytopenia: This refers to a reduction in all blood cells and is not a known adverse effect of chloroquine.
D. Cancer: Chloroquine is not linked to an increased risk of cancer.
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Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]
Explanation
A. Alopecia: Alopecia is a common side effect of chemotherapy because these medications target rapidly dividing cells, including hair follicles.
B. Bone marrow suppression: Chemotherapy can cause bone marrow suppression, leading to decreased production of blood cells, increasing the risk of anemia, infections, and bleeding.
C. Extrapyramidal symptoms: Extrapyramidal symptoms are associated with antipsychotic medications, not chemotherapy. They include symptoms like tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia.
D. Bleeding: Due to bone marrow suppression, chemotherapy can decrease platelet counts, increasing the risk of bleeding.
E. Nausea: Nausea and vomiting are common adverse effects of chemotherapy due to the irritation of the gastrointestinal lining and activation of the vomiting center in the brain.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Macrolides: Macrolides, such as azithromycin or erythromycin, are often used as alternatives in clients with a penicillin allergy, as they do not have a beta-lactam ring and generally do not cause cross-reactivity.
B. Antiretrovirals: Antiretrovirals are used for treating HIV/AIDS and are unrelated to penicillin antibiotics, with no cross-sensitivity concerns.
C. Antimalarials: Antimalarial drugs are used to treat malaria and are not related to penicillin antibiotics, so they would not be a concern for cross-sensitivity.
D. Cephalosporins: Cephalosporins have a beta-lactam structure similar to penicillins, which can sometimes cause cross-reactivity in clients with a penicillin allergy. However, the risk is lower with newer generations.