A nurse is caring for a client who recently traveled to a malaria-stricken country. The client is diagnosed with malaria and is prescribed chloroquine (Aralen). Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse educate the client regarding this medication?
Retinal toxicity
Tumors
Pancytopenia
Cancer
The Correct Answer is A
A. Retinal toxicity: Chloroquine is associated with retinal toxicity, which can lead to vision changes or damage. Regular eye exams are necessary to monitor for early signs of toxicity.
B. Tumors: Chloroquine is not associated with the development of tumors.
C. Pancytopenia: This refers to a reduction in all blood cells and is not a known adverse effect of chloroquine.
D. Cancer: Chloroquine is not linked to an increased risk of cancer.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin): Amoxicillin/clavulanate is a broad-spectrum antibiotic but not the preferred choice for anthrax exposure.
B. Nystatin (Mycostatin): Nystatin is an antifungal medication used for treating fungal infections, such as oral thrush or cutaneous candidiasis. It is not effective against anthrax, which is a bacterial infection.
C. Ciprofloxacin (Cipro): Ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone, is the recommended first-line antibiotic for treating anthrax exposure due to its efficacy against Bacillus anthracis, the bacteria causing anthrax.
D. Tamoxifen: Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used primarily in the treatment of breast cancer. It has no role in treating bacterial infections like anthrax.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Regular sun exposure is needed to maximize drug efficacy: This is incorrect; in fact, doxycycline can cause photosensitivity, and sun exposure should be minimized.
B. Avoid water while taking this medication: Water should be taken with doxycycline to help prevent esophageal irritation.
C. Take this medication with antacids to relieve gastrointestinal symptoms: Antacids can also interfere with doxycycline absorption, so they should be avoided.
D. Avoid dairy products when taking this medication: Dairy products can bind to doxycycline and reduce its absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, which decreases its effectiveness. The client should avoid dairy when taking the medication.