A nurse is caring for a client who is dying. The nurse should incorporate the principle of nonmaleficence into practice by taking which of the following actions?
Withholding a dose of narcotic pain medication when the client has respiratory depression
Discussing advance directives with the client and the client's family
Providing comfort care measures to the client
Allowing the client's family unlimited visitation at the time of death
The Correct Answer is A
Rationale:
A. Withholding a dose of narcotic pain medication when there is respiratory depression aligns with nonmaleficence, as it prevents further harm by not exacerbating the client's respiratory issues.
B. Discussing advance directives is important but is more related to autonomy and respect for the client’s wishes rather than nonmaleficence.
C. Providing comfort care is a supportive measure but does not specifically address nonmaleficence in terms of preventing harm.
D. Allowing unlimited visitation respects family wishes but does not directly relate to the principle of nonmaleficence regarding the client’s immediate medical needs.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Transporting a school-age client who is in traction involves handling a medical condition that may require specialized knowledge and skills beyond the volunteer’s capabilities.
B. Reading a book to a client who has AIDS is a supportive activity and does not pose significant risks.
C. Rocking an infant with croup is generally safe and provides comfort to the child.
D. Playing a computer video game with an adolescent is a non-medical activity that is appropriate for a volunteer.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. A client who has a small circular partial-thickness burn of the left calf requires care, but this is less urgent compared to severe airway or respiratory issues.
B. A client who has a massive head injury and is experiencing seizures is critical but still less urgent compared to immediate life-threatening airway issues.
C. A client who has a splinted open fracture of left medial malleolus requires care but is not as immediately life-threatening as respiratory issues.
D. A client who has severe respiratory stridor and a deviated trachea has a life-threatening airway obstruction that needs immediate intervention to ensure adequate breathing and oxygenation.