A nurse is caring for a client who is dying. The nurse should incorporate the principle of nonmaleficence into practice by taking which of the following actions?
Withholding a dose of narcotic pain medication when the client has respiratory depression
Discussing advance directives with the client and the client's family
Providing comfort care measures to the client
Allowing the client's family unlimited visitation at the time of death
The Correct Answer is A
Rationale:
A. Withholding a dose of narcotic pain medication when there is respiratory depression aligns with nonmaleficence, as it prevents further harm by not exacerbating the client's respiratory issues.
B. Discussing advance directives is important but is more related to autonomy and respect for the client’s wishes rather than nonmaleficence.
C. Providing comfort care is a supportive measure but does not specifically address nonmaleficence in terms of preventing harm.
D. Allowing unlimited visitation respects family wishes but does not directly relate to the principle of nonmaleficence regarding the client’s immediate medical needs.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Reviewing preoperative laboratory test results is within the nurse’s responsibilities to ensure that all necessary tests have been completed.
B. Assessing the current health status of the client is an important preoperative task for the nurse.
C. Ensuring a signed surgical consent form is completed is within the nurse’s scope to verify that informed consent has been obtained.
D. Explaining the operative procedure, risks, and benefits is typically the responsibility of the surgeon or provider, not the nurse.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Naloxone would reverse morphine effects, which is not relevant to the immediate need for surgical intervention.
B. The client might not be able to sign the consent if under the effects of morphine, and obtaining consent might be delayed.
C. Delaying surgery might not be appropriate if the client’s condition is critical and requires urgent intervention.
D. Implied consent is used in emergencies when a patient cannot provide consent due to their condition, and it is assumed they would consent to life-saving treatment.