A nurse is caring for a client who is dying. The nurse should incorporate the principle of nonmaleficence into practice by taking which of the following actions?
Withholding a dose of narcotic pain medication when the client has respiratory depression
Discussing advance directives with the client and the client's family
Providing comfort care measures to the client
Allowing the client's family unlimited visitation at the time of death
The Correct Answer is A
Rationale:
A. Withholding a dose of narcotic pain medication when there is respiratory depression aligns with nonmaleficence, as it prevents further harm by not exacerbating the client's respiratory issues.
B. Discussing advance directives is important but is more related to autonomy and respect for the client’s wishes rather than nonmaleficence.
C. Providing comfort care is a supportive measure but does not specifically address nonmaleficence in terms of preventing harm.
D. Allowing unlimited visitation respects family wishes but does not directly relate to the principle of nonmaleficence regarding the client’s immediate medical needs.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. A client who reports pain as 4 on a scale of 1 to 10 at 0800 now reports pain as 6 needs pain management, but this is less urgent compared to potential signs of hypotension.
B. A client whose wound drainage at 0800 was sanguineous and now it is serosanguineous indicates normal progression of wound healing; thus, it is less critical.
C. A client who has a prescription for insulin and his premeal capillary blood glucose was 110 mg/dL and his post-meal capillary blood glucose is now 160 mg/dL needs blood glucose management, but this is less urgent than assessing for potential hypovolemia or shock.
D. A client whose blood pressure at 0800 was 138/86 mm Hg and at 1200 is 106/60 mm Hg is experiencing a significant drop in blood pressure, which could indicate hypovolemia or shock. This requires immediate assessment and intervention to prevent complications.
Correct Answer is ["A","D","E"]
Explanation
Rationale:
A. While pulling the fire alarm is correct, removing the client from the room without following the full RACE sequence (Remove, Alarm, Confine, Extinguish/Evacuate) is incorrect. The immediate safety measures should include ensuring that the alarm is activated before evacuation and confining the fire if possible.
B. Verifying the order of protective equipment removal with the nurse shows a good practice and adherence to proper infection control procedures.
C. Washing hands prior to leaving the room after disinfecting equipment indicates proper infection control practice.
D. Handwashing is a crucial aspect of infection control. Failure to perform hand hygiene during or after patient care increases the risk of infection transmission. Immediate follow-up is needed to ensure that proper hand hygiene practices are adhered to.
E. Knowing the locations of alarms is vital for effective fire safety. Inability to identify these locations indicates a significant gap in preparedness for emergencies. Immediate follow-up is necessary to ensure that staff are familiar with fire safety procedures and equipment locations.
F. Successfully completing the skills in simulation, including emptying the client's trash can, shows adherence to task requirements but is not a critical issue requiring immediate follow-up compared to the other findings.