A nurse is caring for a client who is coming to the clinic for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing. The patient's enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results are positive. Which test will be used to confirm the diagnosis of HIV?
Quantitative RNA assay
Western blot analysis
Viral load test
CD4+ T-cell count
The Correct Answer is B
A. A quantitative RNA assay is used to measure the amount of HIV RNA in the blood and is not used for confirmatory diagnosis after a positive ELISA.
B. The Western blot analysis is the standard confirmatory test for HIV following a positive ELISA result, as it specifically detects the presence of antibodies to HIV proteins.
C. A viral load test assesses the level of virus in the blood but does not confirm the diagnosis of HIV.
D. The CD4+ T-cell count is used to assess immune function in individuals with HIV but is not a confirmatory test for the diagnosis of the virus.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. A positive Western blot test indicates an HIV diagnosis, which is expected in a client with HIV and does not require urgent intervention.
B. A CD4-T-cell count of 180 cells/mm³ is significantly low (normal range: 500 to 1500 cells/mm³) and indicates severe immunosuppression, putting the client at increased risk for opportunistic infections, warranting immediate attention from the provider.
C. A platelet count of 150,000/mm³ is at the lower end of the normal range and does not typically require immediate intervention unless there are clinical symptoms associated.
D. A WBC count of 5,000/mm³ is within the normal range and does not indicate a need for urgent intervention.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Increasing the consumption of protein-rich foods like baked salmon is beneficial for clients with AIDS, as they often require higher protein intake to support their immune system and overall health.
B. Eating raw fruits and vegetables can pose a risk for clients with compromised immune systems, as these foods may harbor pathogens that can lead to infections. This statement indicates a need for further education regarding safe food handling and preparation.
C. Washing plates and utensils with soap and hot water is a proper practice to maintain hygiene and prevent infections, especially for clients with weakened immune systems.
D. Asking a partner to clean the cat's litter box is a good precaution since cat litter can be a source of toxoplasmosis, which can be harmful to immunocompromised individuals.