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A nurse is caring for a client who has urinary leakage due to nerve damage following a spinal cord injury.
The nurse should identify that the client is experiencing which of the following types of urinary incontinence?

A.

Reflex incontinence.

B.

Overflow incontinence.

C.

Stress incontinence.

D.

Urge incontinence.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale

Reflex incontinence is caused by neurological impairment or damage, such as spinal cord injury, which results in a loss of voluntary control over urination. The bladder muscle contracts involuntarily, causing urine leakage.

 

Choice B rationale

Overflow incontinence occurs when the bladder cannot empty properly, leading to frequent or constant dribbling of urine. It is not typically associated with nerve damage from spinal cord injury.

 

Choice C rationale

Stress incontinence is caused by physical movement or activity—such as coughing, sneezing, or heavy lifting—that puts pressure on the bladder, leading to urine leakage. It is not related to nerve damage or neurological conditions.

 

Choice D rationale

Urge incontinence is characterized by a sudden, intense urge to urinate, followed by involuntary urine leakage. It is usually caused by an overactive bladder or other conditions affecting bladder function, but not directly by nerve damage from spinal cord injury.


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View Related questions

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Hypothermia is not commonly associated with diarrhea. Diarrhea typically leads to fluid loss and dehydration rather than changes in body temperature.

Choice B rationale

A rigid abdomen is not a typical finding for diarrhea. It may indicate other gastrointestinal issues, such as peritonitis, rather than dehydration caused by diarrhea.

Choice C rationale

Decreased bowel sounds are not typically expected with diarrhea, which often presents with increased bowel sounds due to increased motility.

Choice D rationale

Dehydration is a common finding in clients with diarrhea due to the excessive loss of fluids and electrolytes from frequent, loose stools. It can lead to symptoms such as dry mouth, reduced urine output, and dizziness.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale

White rice is a low-fiber food that is usually recommended to help manage diarrhea, as it can help firm up stools.

Choice B rationale

Caffeinated beverages can increase intestinal motility and secretions, leading to diarrhea. They can also be irritating to the gastrointestinal tract.

Choice C rationale

Low-fiber cereals are less likely to cause diarrhea and are often recommended for those with diarrhea because they are easy to digest.

Choice D rationale

Ripe bananas are low in fiber and high in potassium, which is beneficial for those with diarrhea as they help in firming up the stool.

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