A nurse is caring for a client who has pleural effusion and has undergone thoracentesis.The nurse should identify which of the following findings as indicative of an infection?
Milky fluid.
Bloody fluid.
Viscous fluid.
Purulent fluid.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
Milky fluid often indicates chylothorax, a condition where lymphatic fluid leaks into the pleural space, and is not necessarily indicative of infection.
Choice B rationale
Bloody fluid may indicate trauma or malignancy but not necessarily infection.
Choice C rationale
Viscous fluid can be related to various conditions, including malignant effusion, but does not specifically indicate infection.
Choice D rationale
Purulent fluid is indicative of an infection as it contains pus, which is a collection of dead white blood cells, bacteria, and tissue debris.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Bubbling in the water seal chamber with exhalation indicates that air is still being removed from the pleural space, which is expected with a pneumothorax and is not a cause for immediate concern.
Choice B rationale
Eyelets not being visible indicate that the chest tube is properly placed within the pleural space, not an urgent issue.
Choice C rationale
Movement of the trachea towards the unaffected side is a sign of tension pneumothorax, which requires immediate intervention as it can compromise respiratory function.
Choice D rationale
Crepitus in the area above and surrounding the insertion site indicates subcutaneous emphysema, which can occur but does not necessitate immediate provider notification unless severe.
Correct Answer is ["C","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Hypertension is not a typical manifestation of sepsis; sepsis usually involves hypotension.
Choice B rationale
Hypoglycemia is not a common manifestation of sepsis; hyperglycemia is more typical.
Choice C rationale
Altered mental status can occur due to the systemic inflammation and infection affecting the brain.
Choice D rationale
An elevated WBC count indicates an immune response to infection, which is a common sign of sepsis.
Choice E rationale
Vomiting can occur due to the body's response to the infection and systemic inflammation.