A nurse is caring for a client who has Parkinson’s disease and is starting to display bradykinesia. Which of the following is an appropriate action by the nurse?
Place the client on a low-protein, low-calorie diet.
Teach the client to walk more quickly when ambulating.
Complete passive range-of-motion exercises daily.
Give the patient extra time to perform activities.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason:
Placing the client on a low-protein, low-calorie diet is not appropriate for managing bradykinesia in Parkinson’s disease. While dietary adjustments may be necessary for overall health, they do not directly address the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s. In fact, protein intake needs to be managed carefully to avoid interference with medication absorption, but a low-calorie diet is not typically recommended.
Choice B reason:
Teaching the client to walk more quickly when ambulating is not advisable for someone with bradykinesia. Parkinson’s disease often causes difficulty with movement initiation and control, and encouraging faster walking could increase the risk of falls. Instead, strategies to improve gait and balance, such as physical therapy, are more appropriate.
Choice C reason:
Completing passive range-of-motion exercises daily can be beneficial for maintaining joint flexibility and preventing stiffness. However, this action alone does not specifically address bradykinesia, which is characterized by slowness of movement. Active exercises and physical therapy are more effective in managing bradykinesia.
Choice D reason:
Giving the patient extra time to perform activities is crucial for managing bradykinesia. Clients with Parkinson’s disease often need more time to complete tasks due to the slowness of movement. Allowing extra time helps reduce frustration and promotes independence, making it an essential part of care.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Home care services provide medical and personal care to clients in their homes. While this option may be suitable for clients with less severe symptoms, a client with significant bilateral lower extremities muscle weakness may require more intensive rehabilitation services to improve mobility and function.
Choice B reason:
A sub-acute care facility provides care for clients who need more intensive services than those available in a traditional nursing home but do not require the full resources of a hospital. While this option may be appropriate for some clients, a rehabilitation facility is better suited for addressing the specific needs of a client with significant muscle weakness due to MS.
Choice C reason:
A rehabilitation facility is the most appropriate setting for a client with significant bilateral lower extremities muscle weakness due to MS. These facilities offer specialized programs and therapies designed to improve mobility, strength, and overall function. The client can receive comprehensive care from a multidisciplinary team, including physical therapists, occupational therapists, and neurologists.
Choice D reason:
A skilled nursing facility provides long-term care for clients with chronic conditions or disabilities. While these facilities offer medical care and assistance with daily activities, they may not provide the intensive rehabilitation services needed for a client with significant muscle weakness due to MS.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Decreasing bright lights can help alleviate discomfort for the client, especially if they are experiencing photophobia, which is common in meningitis. However, this action does not address the immediate need to prevent the spread of infection. While it is a supportive measure, it is not the first priority in managing a client with suspected meningitis.
Choice B reason:
Implementing droplet precautions is the first priority when a client presents with symptoms suggestive of meningitis, such as a severe headache, stiff neck, and positive Kernig’s and Brudzinski’s signs. Meningitis can be caused by bacterial infections that are highly contagious and spread through respiratory droplets. Initiating droplet precautions helps prevent the transmission of the infection to other clients and healthcare workers, making it the most critical initial action.
Choice C reason:
Initiating IV access is important for administering medications and fluids, but it is not the first priority. Ensuring the safety of others by implementing droplet precautions takes precedence. Once precautions are in place, the nurse can proceed with establishing IV access to facilitate further treatment.
Choice D reason:
Administering antibiotics is crucial in the treatment of bacterial meningitis, but it should be done after droplet precautions are in place to prevent the spread of infection. Prompt antibiotic therapy is essential, but the initial step must focus on infection control measures to protect others from exposure.