A nurse is caring for a client who has benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The nurse should expect which of the following findings?
Painful urination
Urge incontinence
Critically elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level
Difficulty starting the flow of urine
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A: Painful urination
Painful urination, or dysuria, is not a typical symptom of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). BPH primarily affects the flow of urine due to the enlargement of the prostate gland, which can obstruct the urethra. While BPH can cause discomfort, it does not usually result in painful urination. Painful urination is more commonly associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs) or other conditions affecting the urinary tract.
Choice B: Urge incontinence
Urge incontinence, characterized by a sudden and intense urge to urinate followed by involuntary loss of urine, can occur in some cases of BPH but is not the most common symptom. BPH typically causes symptoms related to urinary obstruction, such as difficulty starting urination, weak urine stream, and incomplete bladder emptying. Urge incontinence may develop if the bladder becomes overactive due to the obstruction, but it is not a primary symptom.
Choice C: Critically elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level
While an elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level can be associated with BPH, it is not a definitive finding. PSA levels can be elevated due to various conditions, including prostate cancer, prostatitis, and BPH. However, a critically elevated PSA level is more concerning for prostate cancer rather than BPH. Therefore, while PSA testing is useful in the evaluation of prostate conditions, it is not specific to BPH.
Choice D: Difficulty starting the flow of urine
Difficulty starting the flow of urine, also known as hesitancy, is a hallmark symptom of BPH. The enlarged prostate gland can compress the urethra, making it difficult for urine to pass through. This can lead to a weak urine stream, straining to urinate, and a feeling of incomplete bladder emptying. These symptoms are collectively known as lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and are commonly associated with BPH.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason:Handrails are present in the bathroom:
Handrails in the bathroom are actually a safety feature, not a risk. They provide support and stability, helping to prevent falls, especially for individuals with decreased vision or mobility issues.
Choice B reason: Electrical cords are placed along the walls:
Electrical cords placed along the walls can pose a tripping hazard, particularly for someone with decreased vision. However, if they are secured properly and not in walkways, the risk can be minimized.
Choice C reason:Uses a microwave for cooking:
Using a microwave for cooking is generally safe and convenient for older adults, especially those with decreased vision. It reduces the risk of burns and fires compared to using a stove.
Choice D reason: Scatter rugs are present in the kitchen:
Scatter rugs are a significant safety risk for older adults, particularly those with decreased vision. They can easily cause tripping and falls, which can lead to serious injuries. It is recommended to remove scatter rugs or ensure they are non-slip and securely fastened.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Using the palm of the hand, feel for lumps using a circular motion:
This instruction is incorrect. The correct method for a breast self-exam involves using the pads of the three middle fingers, not the palm of the hand. The fingers should move in a circular motion to feel for lumps or abnormalities.
Choice B reason: Expect some breast dimpling or discharge with age:
This is misleading and potentially harmful advice. While some changes in the breast can occur with age, dimpling or discharge can also be signs of breast cancer and should be reported to a healthcare provider immediately.
Choice C reason: Breasts can be examined in the shower with soapy hands:
This is correct. Examining the breasts in the shower with soapy hands can make it easier to feel for lumps or changes. The soapy water helps the fingers glide smoothly over the skin, making it easier to detect any abnormalities.
Choice D reason: For those who have a menstrual cycle, perform a BSE every month, 2 or 3 days before menstruation:
This instruction is incorrect. The best time to perform a breast self-exam is a few days after the menstrual period ends, when the breasts are least likely to be swollen or tender.
