A nurse is caring for a client who has benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The nurse should expect which of the following findings?
Painful urination
Urge incontinence
Critically elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level
Difficulty starting the flow of urine
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A: Painful urination
Painful urination, or dysuria, is not a typical symptom of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). BPH primarily affects the flow of urine due to the enlargement of the prostate gland, which can obstruct the urethra. While BPH can cause discomfort, it does not usually result in painful urination. Painful urination is more commonly associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs) or other conditions affecting the urinary tract.
Choice B: Urge incontinence
Urge incontinence, characterized by a sudden and intense urge to urinate followed by involuntary loss of urine, can occur in some cases of BPH but is not the most common symptom. BPH typically causes symptoms related to urinary obstruction, such as difficulty starting urination, weak urine stream, and incomplete bladder emptying. Urge incontinence may develop if the bladder becomes overactive due to the obstruction, but it is not a primary symptom.
Choice C: Critically elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level
While an elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level can be associated with BPH, it is not a definitive finding. PSA levels can be elevated due to various conditions, including prostate cancer, prostatitis, and BPH. However, a critically elevated PSA level is more concerning for prostate cancer rather than BPH. Therefore, while PSA testing is useful in the evaluation of prostate conditions, it is not specific to BPH.
Choice D: Difficulty starting the flow of urine
Difficulty starting the flow of urine, also known as hesitancy, is a hallmark symptom of BPH. The enlarged prostate gland can compress the urethra, making it difficult for urine to pass through. This can lead to a weak urine stream, straining to urinate, and a feeling of incomplete bladder emptying. These symptoms are collectively known as lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and are commonly associated with BPH.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: WBC count:
An elevated white blood cell (WBC) count is a common indicator of infection. The body produces more white blood cells to fight off infections, making this a key marker for identifying infections in patients with pressure ulcers. Monitoring WBC count helps in assessing the presence and severity of an infection, guiding appropriate treatment.
Choice B reason: BUN:
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels are used to assess kidney function and hydration status. Elevated BUN levels can indicate dehydration or kidney dysfunction but are not specific indicators of infection. While important for overall health assessment, BUN is not directly related to detecting infections in pressure ulcers.
Choice C reason: Potassium:
Potassium levels are crucial for maintaining normal cellular function, particularly in the heart and muscles. Abnormal potassium levels can indicate issues such as kidney dysfunction or electrolyte imbalances but do not specifically indicate infection. Monitoring potassium is important for overall health but not for diagnosing infections in pressure ulcers.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Clean clothing is important for comfort and hygiene during a disaster, but it is not typically considered an essential item for a basic disaster preparedness kit. Essential items focus on survival needs such as food, water, and medical supplies.
Choice B reason:
Personal identification is crucial in a disaster situation. It helps in verifying identity, accessing services, and reuniting with family members. Important documents such as identification cards, insurance policies, and bank records should be included in a waterproof container.
Choice C reason:
The recommendation is to have one gallon of water per person per day for at least three days, which totals three gallons, not quarts. Water is essential for drinking and sanitation.
Choice D reason:
Matches can be useful for starting fires for warmth or cooking, but they are not considered a primary necessity in a basic disaster preparedness kit. More critical items include food, water, and medical supplies.
Choice E reason:
Prescription medications are essential for individuals who rely on them for chronic conditions. Having an adequate supply of necessary medications can be life-saving during a disaster when access to pharmacies may be limited.