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A nurse is caring for a client who has been taking phenytoin (Dilantin). The nurse understands that which of the following is a long-term adverse effect of this medication?

A.

Hair loss

B.

Seizures

C.

Hypertension

D.

Gingival hyperplasia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Hair loss is not a recognized long-term side effect of phenytoin.  

 

B. Phenytoin is used to prevent seizures, not cause them; a reoccurrence of seizures may indicate ineffective control or medication issues, but it is not a side effect.  

 

C. Hypertension is not typically associated with phenytoin use.  

 

D. Gingival hyperplasia, or overgrowth of gum tissue, is a common long-term side effect of phenytoin and requires regular dental hygiene and monitoring.


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View Related questions

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Diphenhydramine is an H1 antihistamine that works by blocking the effects of histamine at H1 receptor sites, thus alleviating allergy symptoms.

B. H2 receptor sites are primarily involved in gastric acid secretion, and diphenhydramine does not affect these receptors.

C. Diphenhydramine does not stimulate histamine effects; it blocks them instead.

D. The medication does not occupy all H receptor sites; it specifically targets H1 receptors to exert its effects.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Risperidone is an atypical antipsychotic primarily used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, not first-line treatment for depression.

B. Haloperidol is a typical antipsychotic used mainly for acute psychosis and agitation, not for treating depression.

C. Paroxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) that is widely recognized as a first-line treatment for depression due to its efficacy and relatively favorable side effect profile.

D. Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic reserved for treatment-resistant schizophrenia and is not indicated for the treatment of depression.

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