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A nurse is caring for a client who has been taking phenytoin (Dilantin). The nurse understands that which of the following is a long-term adverse effect of this medication?

A.

Hair loss

B.

Seizures

C.

Hypertension

D.

Gingival hyperplasia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Hair loss is not a recognized long-term side effect of phenytoin.  

 

B. Phenytoin is used to prevent seizures, not cause them; a reoccurrence of seizures may indicate ineffective control or medication issues, but it is not a side effect.  

 

C. Hypertension is not typically associated with phenytoin use.  

 

D. Gingival hyperplasia, or overgrowth of gum tissue, is a common long-term side effect of phenytoin and requires regular dental hygiene and monitoring.


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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Hypokalemia increases the risk of digoxin toxicity because low potassium levels enhance digoxin's effects on the myocardium. Monitoring and correcting potassium levels is essential in clients on digoxin.

B. Hypophosphatemia is not directly linked to digoxin toxicity and is not a primary concern.

C. Hypocalcemia does not increase the risk of digoxin toxicity; in fact, hypercalcemia would be more concerning in terms of potential toxicity.

D. Hypernatremia does not have a significant effect on digoxin toxicity, so it is not a primary concern when assessing this medication’s safety.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is effective against Bacillus anthracis, the bacterium that causes anthrax. It is often used as a first-line treatment for exposure to anthrax, especially in its inhalational form.

B. While amoxicillin/clavulanate can treat certain infections, it is not the preferred treatment for anthrax. It is less effective against anthrax compared to ciprofloxacin.

C. Nystatin is an antifungal medication used to treat fungal infections and is not indicated for anthrax treatment.

D. Metronidazole is primarily used for anaerobic bacterial and protozoal infections, making it inappropriate for treating anthrax.

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