A nurse is caring for a client who has been taking phenytoin (Dilantin). The nurse understands that which of the following is a long-term adverse effect of this medication?
Hair loss
Seizures
Hypertension
Gingival hyperplasia
The Correct Answer is D
A. Hair loss is not a recognized long-term side effect of phenytoin.
B. Phenytoin is used to prevent seizures, not cause them; a reoccurrence of seizures may indicate ineffective control or medication issues, but it is not a side effect.
C. Hypertension is not typically associated with phenytoin use.
D. Gingival hyperplasia, or overgrowth of gum tissue, is a common long-term side effect of phenytoin and requires regular dental hygiene and monitoring.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. While hormonal contraceptives can affect blood pressure, the risk of significant hypertension is less immediate than thromboembolism.
B. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding can occur but is generally not as serious as thromboembolism and may resolve with continued use.
C. Combination birth control pills increase the risk of thromboembolic events, such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism, making it essential to monitor for signs of these complications.
D. Osteoporosis is a long-term concern but is not an acute effect of combination birth control pills; monitoring for thromboembolism is more critical.
Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]
Explanation
A. Decreased urination is an anticholinergic side effect due to the medication's action on the bladder.
B. Diarrhea is not an anticholinergic side effect; in fact, anticholinergics typically cause constipation.
C. Dry mouth is a common anticholinergic side effect, resulting from reduced saliva production.
D. Tachycardia can occur as an anticholinergic effect due to decreased vagal tone.
E. Excessive lacrimation is not associated with anticholinergic effects; it is the opposite, as anticholinergics usually lead to dry eyes.
F. Excessive sweating is contrary to anticholinergic effects, which often result in decreased sweating.