A nurse is caring for a client who has been taking phenytoin (Dilantin). The nurse understands that which of the following is a long-term adverse effect of this medication?
Hair loss
Seizures
Hypertension
Gingival hyperplasia
The Correct Answer is D
A. Hair loss is not a recognized long-term side effect of phenytoin.
B. Phenytoin is used to prevent seizures, not cause them; a reoccurrence of seizures may indicate ineffective control or medication issues, but it is not a side effect.
C. Hypertension is not typically associated with phenytoin use.
D. Gingival hyperplasia, or overgrowth of gum tissue, is a common long-term side effect of phenytoin and requires regular dental hygiene and monitoring.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Anaphylaxis is not a common side effect of montelukast.
B. Regular blood monitoring is not required with montelukast.
C. Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist, used for long-term management of asthma and to prevent exercise-induced bronchoconstriction.
D. Montelukast is not intended for immediate relief or repeated dosing in acute situations.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Diarrhea is not a direct risk of stopping TPN abruptly.
B. Abruptly stopping TPN can cause hypoglycemia because the high glucose content in TPN leads to increased insulin production. Without the continuous glucose infusion, blood sugar levels can drop rapidly.
C. Hypovolemia is not a common outcome from stopping TPN suddenly.
D. Erythema at the site is unrelated to the cessation of TPN and more commonly related to local site reactions or infection.