A nurse is caring for a client who has been newly diagnosed with schizophrenia. Which of the following findings is true regarding this disorder?
Biologically male clients are typically diagnosed earlier than biologically female clients.
Biologically female clients are likely to be diagnosed earlier than biologically born males.
Diagnosis commonly occurs in individuals under the age of 12.
People diagnosed with schizophrenia are more violent than others.
The Correct Answer is A
Rationale:
A. Schizophrenia is typically diagnosed earlier in males compared to females, with onset often occurring in late adolescence to early adulthood.
B. Biologically female clients are generally diagnosed later in life compared to males.
C. Schizophrenia is rarely diagnosed in individuals under the age of 12; it commonly presents in late adolescence or early adulthood.
D. People with schizophrenia are not necessarily more violent than others; rather, violence is not a defining characteristic of the disorder.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Feeling restless and needing to be active can be more indicative of anxiety or agitation rather than depression.
B. Increased alertness and improved focus are not typical symptoms of depression; rather, depression often involves decreased energy and focus.
C. High blood pressure is not directly related to depressive symptoms.
D. Difficulty sleeping and racing thoughts at night are consistent with depression, particularly when accompanied by poor sleep quality.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a noninvasive, evidence-based treatment for depression. It helps clients identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviors that contribute to their depression.
B. Deep-brain stimulation is an invasive procedure used for treatment-resistant depression and other neurological conditions.
C. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a noninvasive but more intensive treatment often used for severe or treatment-resistant depression. However, it is generally not the first line of treatment.
D. Vagal nerve stimulation is a more invasive treatment, typically reserved for cases where other treatments have failed.