A nurse is caring for a client who has an extracellular fluid volume deficit. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Dependent edema
Distended neck veins
Postural hypotension
Bradycardia
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason:
Dependent edema is not typically associated with extracellular fluid volume deficit. Edema usually occurs due to fluid overload or conditions that cause fluid retention, such as heart failure or kidney disease. In the case of extracellular fluid volume deficit, the body is losing more fluid than it is taking in, which would not result in edema. Instead, symptoms like dry skin, dry mucous membranes, and decreased skin turgor are more common.
Choice B reason:
Distended neck veins are also not a common finding in extracellular fluid volume deficit. Distended neck veins are usually seen in conditions where there is fluid overload or increased pressure in the venous system, such as heart failure or superior vena cava syndrome. In extracellular fluid volume deficit, the body is experiencing a reduction in fluid volume, which would not cause distended neck veins.
Choice C reason:
Postural hypotension, also known as orthostatic hypotension, is a common finding in extracellular fluid volume deficit. This condition occurs when there is a significant drop in blood pressure upon standing, leading to dizziness or lightheadedness. It is caused by the reduced blood volume, which decreases the amount of blood returning to the heart and subsequently lowers blood pressure.
Choice D reason:
Bradycardia, or a slow heart rate, is not typically associated with extracellular fluid volume deficit. In fact, the opposite is more likely to occur. Tachycardia, or a fast heart rate, is a common compensatory mechanism in response to fluid volume deficit as the body attempts to maintain adequate blood flow and pressure. Therefore, bradycardia would not be an expected finding in this scenario.
Free Nursing Test Bank
- Free Pharmacology Quiz 1
- Free Medical-Surgical Quiz 2
- Free Fundamentals Quiz 3
- Free Maternal-Newborn Quiz 4
- Free Anatomy and Physiology Quiz 5
- Free Obstetrics and Pediatrics Quiz 6
- Free Fluid and Electrolytes Quiz 7
- Free Community Health Quiz 8
- Free Promoting Health across the Lifespan Quiz 9
- Free Multidimensional Care Quiz 10
View Related questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Limiting the session to 1 hour is a practical approach when teaching older adults. Research indicates that older adults may have shorter attention spans and may become fatigued more quickly than younger individuals. Therefore, keeping the session to a manageable length ensures that the participants remain engaged and retain the information presented. Additionally, shorter sessions can help prevent cognitive overload, making it easier for older adults to absorb and process the material.
Choice B reason:
Providing an environment with minimal distractions is crucial for effective learning, especially for older adults. Distractions such as noise, poor lighting, and uncomfortable seating can hinder concentration and reduce the effectiveness of the educational program. By creating a calm and focused environment, the nurse can help older adults concentrate better on the material being taught. This approach aligns with best practices in adult education, which emphasize the importance of a conducive learning environment.
Choice C reason:
Presenting the information at a 10th-grade reading level is important to ensure that the material is accessible to all participants. Older adults may have varying levels of literacy and educational backgrounds, so using clear and straightforward language helps to ensure that everyone can understand the content. This approach also helps to avoid any potential feelings of frustration or inadequacy that might arise if the material is too complex. Simplifying the language used in educational materials is a widely recommended practice in health education.
Choice D reason:
Using brightly colored paper for written materials can enhance the learning experience for older adults. Bright colors can capture attention and make the materials more visually appealing. Additionally, older adults may have visual impairments, and using high-contrast colors can improve readability. This technique can help to ensure that the written materials are engaging and accessible, thereby enhancing the overall effectiveness of the educational program.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A: Constricted Pupils
Constricted pupils, also known as miosis, are typically associated with opioid use or exposure to certain toxins. While opioids are sometimes used to manage chronic pain, constricted pupils are not a direct result of chronic pain itself. Therefore, this option is not the correct answer.
Choice B: Bradycardia
Bradycardia, or a slower than normal heart rate, is not commonly associated with chronic pain. Chronic pain can lead to various physiological responses, but a significant reduction in heart rate is not typically one of them. This makes bradycardia an unlikely choice.
Choice C: Diaphoresis
Diaphoresis, or excessive sweating, is more commonly associated with acute pain or stress responses rather than chronic pain. Chronic pain tends to have more long-term psychological and physiological effects rather than immediate autonomic responses like sweating. Hence, this is not the correct answer.
Choice D: Depression
Depression is a well-documented consequence of chronic pain. Chronic pain can significantly impact a person’s quality of life, leading to feelings of hopelessness, sadness, and a lack of interest in daily activities. The persistent nature of chronic pain often results in psychological distress, making depression a common finding in individuals suffering from chronic pain.