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A nurse is caring for a client who has an extracellular fluid volume deficit. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

A.

Dependent edema

B.

Distended neck veins

C.

Postural hypotension

D.

Bradycardia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason:

 

Dependent edema is not typically associated with extracellular fluid volume deficit. Edema usually occurs due to fluid overload or conditions that cause fluid retention, such as heart failure or kidney disease. In the case of extracellular fluid volume deficit, the body is losing more fluid than it is taking in, which would not result in edema. Instead, symptoms like dry skin, dry mucous membranes, and decreased skin turgor are more common.

 

Choice B reason:

 

Distended neck veins are also not a common finding in extracellular fluid volume deficit. Distended neck veins are usually seen in conditions where there is fluid overload or increased pressure in the venous system, such as heart failure or superior vena cava syndrome. In extracellular fluid volume deficit, the body is experiencing a reduction in fluid volume, which would not cause distended neck veins.

 

Choice C reason:

 

Postural hypotension, also known as orthostatic hypotension, is a common finding in extracellular fluid volume deficit. This condition occurs when there is a significant drop in blood pressure upon standing, leading to dizziness or lightheadedness. It is caused by the reduced blood volume, which decreases the amount of blood returning to the heart and subsequently lowers blood pressure.

 

Choice D reason:

 

Bradycardia, or a slow heart rate, is not typically associated with extracellular fluid volume deficit. In fact, the opposite is more likely to occur. Tachycardia, or a fast heart rate, is a common compensatory mechanism in response to fluid volume deficit as the body attempts to maintain adequate blood flow and pressure. Therefore, bradycardia would not be an expected finding in this scenario.


View Related questions

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

A family whose only child recently died due to cancer is experiencing a significant and traumatic loss. This type of loss is categorized as a situational loss because it is unexpected and not part of the normal life cycle. Situational losses are typically sudden and can cause profound grief and disruption in the family’s life. The death of a child is one of the most devastating events a family can endure, leading to intense emotional pain and a long grieving process.

Choice B Reason:

A family whose oldest child is moving away for college is experiencing a maturational loss. Maturational losses are those that occur as part of normal life transitions and developmental stages. These losses are anticipated and expected as individuals grow and progress through different phases of life. The transition of a child moving away for college is a common maturational loss, as it signifies a significant change in the family dynamic and the child’s development into adulthood.

Choice C Reason:

A family whose house was destroyed in a fire is dealing with a situational loss. This type of loss is unexpected and can have a severe impact on the family’s sense of security and stability. The destruction of a home involves not only the loss of physical property but also the emotional attachment and memories associated with the home. Recovering from such a loss requires significant emotional and practical adjustments.

Choice D Reason:

A family whose head of household lost their job is experiencing a situational loss. Job loss can lead to financial instability and stress, affecting the entire family’s well-being. This type of loss is not part of the normal developmental process and can create significant challenges for the family as they navigate the uncertainty and potential changes in their lifestyle.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Preventive care focuses on measures taken to prevent diseases, rather than treating them. This includes vaccinations, screenings, and lifestyle counseling. Emergency care, which deals with immediate and acute medical conditions, does not fall under preventive care. Preventive care aims to reduce the incidence of diseases and conditions before they occur, whereas emergency care addresses urgent health issues that require immediate attention.

Choice B reason:

Tertiary care involves specialized consultative care, usually on referral from primary or secondary medical care personnel. It includes advanced medical investigation and treatment, such as cancer management, neurosurgery, cardiac surgery, and other complex medical and surgical interventions. Emergency care, which provides immediate treatment for acute illnesses and injuries, is not categorized under tertiary care. Tertiary care is more about long-term and specialized treatment.

Choice C reason:

Primary care is the first point of contact for individuals entering the healthcare system. It includes general health care services provided by physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants. Primary care focuses on overall health maintenance, disease prevention, and the treatment of common illnesses and conditions. Emergency care, which deals with acute and urgent medical conditions, is not part of primary care. Primary care providers may refer patients to emergency care when immediate attention is needed.

Choice D reason:

Secondary care involves specialized medical services provided by specialists after referral from a primary care provider. It includes services such as cardiology, dermatology, and orthopedics. Emergency care, which provides immediate treatment for acute medical conditions, is considered part of secondary care. Emergency departments in hospitals are staffed by specialists who provide urgent and critical care to patients.