A nurse is caring for a client who has active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and a new prescription for rifampin. The nurse should instruct the client that they should expect which of the following clinical manifestations while taking this medication?
Staining of teeth
Orange colored secretions
Constipation
White-colored stools
The Correct Answer is B
A. Staining of teeth: Rifampin is not known to stain teeth.
B. Orange colored secretions: Rifampin commonly causes orange discoloration of body fluids, including urine, tears, and sweat. This is harmless but can be alarming if the client is not forewarned.
C. Constipation: Constipation is not a typical side effect of rifampin.
D. White-colored stools: Rifampin does not cause white-colored stools, but bile duct obstruction could.
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Correct Answer is ["A","C"]
Explanation
A. Fluoroquinolones: Fluoroquinolones, such as ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, are known to have the potential to prolong the QT interval, increasing the risk of arrhythmias like Torsades de Pointes.
B. Penicillins: Penicillins do not typically cause QT prolongation. Their adverse effects are more likely to include allergic reactions or gastrointestinal disturbances.
C. Macrolides: Macrolides, such as azithromycin and erythromycin, are associated with QT interval prolongation and an increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias.
D. Beta-Lactams: Beta-lactams, which include penicillins and cephalosporins, are not commonly associated with QT prolongation. They are more likely to cause allergic reactions.
E. Cephalosporins: Cephalosporins are not typically associated with QT prolongation. They share a similar beta-lactam structure to penicillins.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Thromboembolic events: This is not a black box warning for ciprofloxacin.
B. This drug has a black box warning for causing tendon rupture: Ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone, has a black box warning for the risk of tendonitis and tendon rupture, especially in older adults or those on corticosteroids.
C. Endometrial cancers: Ciprofloxacin is not associated with cancer.
D. Breast cancer: There is no link between ciprofloxacin and breast cancer.