A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for hydrochlorothiazide for the initial treatment of hypertension. Which of the following should the nurse recognize as the action of this medication?
Hydrochlorothiazide prevents angiotensin II from binding with receptor sites.
Hydrochlorothiazide decreases the reabsorption of sodium and water in the distal renal tubule.
Hydrochlorothiazide blocks stimulation of beta receptors in the sympathetic nervous system.
Hydrochlorothiazide promotes the movement of extravascular fluids into the vascular compartment.
The Correct Answer is B
Rationale:
A. Hydrochlorothiazide does not prevent angiotensin II from binding with receptor sites; this action is typically associated with ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers.
B. Hydrochlorothiazide decreases the reabsorption of sodium and water in the distal renal tubule, which leads to increased urine output and decreased blood volume, effectively lowering blood pressure.
C. Hydrochlorothiazide does not block beta receptors; this is the mechanism of action for beta-blockers.
D. Hydrochlorothiazide does not promote the movement of extravascular fluids into the vascular compartment; instead, it reduces blood volume by promoting diuresis.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Muscle rigidity of the extremities: This finding is more indicative of hyperkalemia or severe electrolyte imbalances but is not a common symptom of hypokalemia.
B. Bounding radial pulses: This finding is more associated with hypervolemia or hyperkalemia, not with hypokalemia caused by furosemide.
C. Depressed deep tendon reflexes: This is the correct response, as low potassium levels (hypokalemia) can lead to diminished reflexes due to its role in neuromuscular function.
D. Increased bowel motility: This is incorrect, as hypokalemia typically results in decreased bowel motility and may cause constipation rather than increased motility.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Ganciclovir: Ganciclovir is an antiviral medication used primarily to treat viral infections such as cytomegalovirus (CMV), not bacterial infections like UTIs.
B. Amphotericin B: Amphotericin B is an antifungal agent used to treat serious fungal infections, not bacterial UTIs.
C. Azithromycin: Azithromycin is an antibiotic that is effective against a broad range of bacterial infections but is not commonly used for treating recurrent UTIs.
D. Nitrofurantoin: Nitrofurantoin is an antibiotic commonly used to prevent and treat recurrent lower urinary tract infections due to its efficacy in targeting the bacteria that typically cause UTIs.