A nurse is caring for a client who has a peanut allergy. The client ate peanut butter and is now experiencing anaphylaxis. Which of the following physiological responses should the nurse expect to occur?
Blood pressure increases.
Blood vessels become more permeable.
Blood vessels constrict.
White blood cells are destroyed.
The Correct Answer is B
A. Blood pressure does not increase during anaphylaxis; instead, it typically decreases due to vasodilation and fluid leakage.
B. During anaphylaxis, blood vessels become more permeable, leading to the release of fluids into the tissues, which causes swelling and contributes to hypotension.
C. Blood vessels do not constrict during anaphylaxis; rather, they dilate as a part of the allergic response, resulting in decreased blood pressure.
D. While there is an immune response during anaphylaxis, white blood cells are not destroyed; rather, they are activated to respond to the allergen, leading to inflammation and other systemic effects.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. A phlebotomist collecting blood from clients who have HIV is at the greatest risk due to the potential for exposure to infected blood, especially if safety precautions are not properly followed.
B. A nurse working for an insurance company collecting urine samples is at a lower risk, as urine is not a primary mode of HIV transmission.
C. A personal trainer working with a client who has HIV may be at risk if there are open wounds, but the risk is less compared to healthcare workers directly handling blood.
D. An occupational therapist working with a client who has HIV may have some exposure risk, but it is significantly lower than that of a phlebotomist who handles blood samples.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Abuse refers to the mistreatment of a patient, which does not apply to this scenario as the issue was an error rather than intentional harm.
B. Battery involves intentional and wrongful physical contact with another person; while the wrong medication is harmful, it was not an intentional act of violence.
C. Malpractice is the correct choice because it involves negligence in the professional duties of a healthcare provider, resulting in harm to a patient. The nurse failed to adhere to the standard of care by administering the incorrect medication.
D. Assault refers to the threat of harm or the act of creating fear of harm in another person, which is not applicable in this scenario since the nurse did not threaten the client.