A nurse is caring for a client who experienced severe head trauma. The client's partner asks the nurse why they are concerned about the mean arterial pressure (MAP). The nurse should explain that MAP determines which of the following?
Cerebral blood flow
The client's intake and output needs
Regulation of blood pressure
Resorption of cerebrospinal fluid
The Correct Answer is A
A. Cerebral blood flow. MAP is crucial for maintaining adequate cerebral perfusion pressure, ensuring enough blood flow to the brain.
B. The client's intake and output needs. MAP does not directly influence intake and output needs; it is more directly related to blood flow and tissue perfusion.
C. Regulation of blood pressure. MAP is a measure of average blood pressure but not a regulator of it.
D. Resorption of cerebrospinal fluid. CSF resorption is not directly influenced by MAP; it’s regulated by intracranial pressure and other factors.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. The ST segment is above the isoelectric line. An elevated ST segment is a hallmark sign of acute myocardial infarction (MI), indicating myocardial injury.
B. The QRS intervals are 0.08 second. A QRS interval of 0.08 seconds is within the normal range and does not indicate myocardial infarction.
C. The QT interval is equal to the R to R interval. QT interval measurements are not diagnostic for acute MI.
D. The PR intervals are 0.15 second. A PR interval of 0.15 seconds is within the normal range and is not indicative of acute MI.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Creatinine phosphokinase (CPK): CPK levels peak within 24 hours after an MI and return to normal within 2-3 days.
B. Myoglobin: Myoglobin rises within hours but returns to normal within 24 hours after MI.
C. Creatinine kinase-MB (CK-MB): CK-MB peaks 12-24 hours post-MI and returns to baseline within 2-3 days.
D. Troponin T: Troponin T remains elevated for up to 10-14 days after an MI, providing long-term evidence of myocardial injury.