A nurse is caring for a client who experienced severe head trauma. The client's partner asks the nurse why they are concerned about the mean arterial pressure (MAP). The nurse should explain that MAP determines which of the following?
Cerebral blood flow
The client's intake and output needs
Regulation of blood pressure
Resorption of cerebrospinal fluid
The Correct Answer is A
A. Cerebral blood flow. MAP is crucial for maintaining adequate cerebral perfusion pressure, ensuring enough blood flow to the brain.
B. The client's intake and output needs. MAP does not directly influence intake and output needs; it is more directly related to blood flow and tissue perfusion.
C. Regulation of blood pressure. MAP is a measure of average blood pressure but not a regulator of it.
D. Resorption of cerebrospinal fluid. CSF resorption is not directly influenced by MAP; it’s regulated by intracranial pressure and other factors.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Enriched cereal in whole milk. Whole milk is high in saturated fats, which the DASH diet aims to limit.
B. Turkey sandwich on whole wheat bread, green beans, and banana. This meal is balanced, low in saturated fats, high in fiber, and aligns well with the DASH diet principles.
C. Pork sausage and baked beans. Pork sausage is high in saturated fats and sodium, which should be limited in the DASH diet.
D. Hamburger, steak fries, and an orange. While the orange is DASH-friendly, the hamburger and fries are high in fats and sodium.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Bounding peripheral pulses: Hypokalemia typically causes weak, thready pulses rather than bounding ones.
B. Decreased deep-tendon reflexes: Hypokalemia can cause muscle weakness and decreased deep-tendon reflexes due to impaired neuromuscular function.
C. Hyperactive bowel sounds: Hypokalemia generally causes decreased or hypoactive bowel sounds due to slowed smooth muscle contraction.
D. Restlessness: Restlessness is not a typical sign of hypokalemia; hypokalemia more commonly causes weakness, lethargy, or fatigue.