A nurse is caring for a client who experienced a cesarean birth due to dysfunctional labor. The client states that she is disappointed that she did not have a natural childbirth. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?
Maybe next time you can have a vaginal delivery.
It sounds like you are feeling sad that things didn’t go as planned.
At least you know you have a healthy baby.
You can resume sensations sooner than if you had delivered vaginally.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason:
Saying “Maybe next time you can have a vaginal delivery” is not supportive and may minimize the client’s current feelings of disappointment. It is important to acknowledge and validate the client’s emotions rather than focusing on future possibilities.
Choice B reason:
This response, “It sounds like you are feeling sad that things didn’t go as planned,” is empathetic and validates the client’s feelings. It shows that the nurse is listening and understands the client’s disappointment, which is crucial for emotional support.
Choice C reason:
While it is true that having a healthy baby is important, saying “At least you know you have a healthy baby” can come across as dismissive of the client’s feelings. It is essential to address the client’s emotions directly rather than shifting the focus.
Choice D reason:
Telling the client “You can resume sensations sooner than if you had delivered vaginally” is not relevant to the client’s expressed feelings of disappointment about not having a natural childbirth. This response does not address the emotional aspect of the client’s experience.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A: Unlike Chickenpox, the Vesicles of Smallpox Are More Abundant on the Face
This statement indicates an understanding of the teaching. Smallpox lesions are indeed more abundant on the face and extremities compared to chickenpox, which tends to have a more central distribution on the trunk. Smallpox lesions are also typically more uniform in their stage of development, whereas chickenpox lesions can appear in various stages of healing simultaneously.
Choice B: Smallpox Lesions Appear in Various Stages of Healing
This statement is incorrect. Unlike chickenpox, where lesions can be in different stages of healing at the same time, smallpox lesions generally progress through the same stages simultaneously. This uniformity in lesion development is a distinguishing feature of smallpox.
Choice C: Vaccination Against Smallpox Provides Lifelong Immunity
This statement is partially correct but needs clarification. The smallpox vaccine provides long-lasting immunity, but it may not be lifelong. Immunity can wane over time, and booster vaccinations may be necessary for continued protection.
Choice D: There Are Rare, Occasional Occurrences of Smallpox
This statement is incorrect. Smallpox was declared eradicated in 1980 by the World Health Organization (WHO). There have been no naturally occurring cases of smallpox since then. The only known stocks of the virus are kept in secure laboratories for research purposes.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A: Botulism is Acquired Through Direct Contact with an Infected Person
Botulism is not acquired through direct contact with an infected person. It is caused by a toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. The most common forms of botulism are foodborne, wound, and infant botulism. Foodborne botulism occurs when a person ingests food containing the toxin, while wound botulism occurs when the bacteria infect a wound and produce the toxin. Infant botulism occurs when infants ingest spores of the bacteria, which then grow and produce the toxin in their intestines.
Choice B: Notify the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) When More Than Three Cases Are Confirmed
While notifying the CDC is crucial in the event of a botulism outbreak, the specific threshold for notification can vary. Generally, any suspected case of botulism should be reported to public health authorities immediately due to the severity of the disease and the potential for outbreaks. The CDC provides guidelines for reporting and managing botulism cases.
Choice C: Botulism Can Produce Paralysis Within 12 to 72 Hours Following Exposure
Botulism can indeed produce paralysis within 12 to 72 hours following exposure. The toxin affects the nervous system, leading to muscle paralysis. Early symptoms include weakness, dizziness, and dry mouth, followed by more severe symptoms such as blurred vision, difficulty swallowing, and muscle weakness. If left untreated, botulism can lead to respiratory failure and death.
Choice D: Vomiting and Diarrhea Are Expected Findings Following Exposure
Vomiting and diarrhea are not typical symptoms of botulism. The primary symptoms are related to muscle paralysis and neurological impairment. Gastrointestinal symptoms may occur in some cases of foodborne botulism, but they are not the hallmark signs of the disease.
Choice E: Botulism is a Toxin Found in Castor Beans
Botulism is not a toxin found in castor beans. The toxin found in castor beans is ricin, which is a different type of bioterrorism agent. Botulism is caused by the botulinum toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum bacteria.
