A nurse is caring for a client recently prescribed doxycycline (Doryx) for the treatment of a urinary tract infection. Which of the following statements below applies to doxycycline (Doryx)?(Select All that Apply.)
This medication should not be taken if you are lactating
This medication can cause hyperglycemia
This medication may cause photosensitivity
This medication should not be taken with antacids
This medication may cause discoloration of the teeth
Correct Answer : A,C,D,E
A. This medication should not be taken if you are lactating: Doxycycline is contraindicated in breastfeeding women as it can affect bone and teeth development in nursing infants.
B. This medication can cause hyperglycemia: Doxycycline is not known to cause hyperglycemia. This side effect is more common with certain steroids and antidiabetic drugs.
C. This medication may cause photosensitivity - Doxycycline can cause photosensitivity, making the skin more sensitive to sunlight and increasing the risk of sunburn.
D. This medication should not be taken with antacids: Doxycycline should not be taken with antacids or supplements containing calcium, magnesium, or aluminum as they can interfere with its absorption.
E. This medication may cause discoloration of the teeth: Doxycycline can cause permanent discoloration of the teeth if used during tooth development, which is why it is generally not recommended for children under 8 years or during pregnancy.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Alcohol consumption: Metronidazole has a disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol, which can cause severe nausea, vomiting, flushing, and tachycardia. Clients should avoid alcohol during and for at least 48 hours after the completion of metronidazole therapy.
B. Tyramine-based foods: Avoiding tyramine-rich foods is important with certain MAOIs due to the risk of hypertensive crisis, not with metronidazole.
C. Apple Juice: There is no significant interaction between metronidazole and apple juice.
D. Soy beans: Soybeans do not have an interaction with metronidazole.
Correct Answer is ["A","C"]
Explanation
A. Fluoroquinolones: Fluoroquinolones, such as ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, are known to have the potential to prolong the QT interval, increasing the risk of arrhythmias like Torsades de Pointes.
B. Penicillins: Penicillins do not typically cause QT prolongation. Their adverse effects are more likely to include allergic reactions or gastrointestinal disturbances.
C. Macrolides: Macrolides, such as azithromycin and erythromycin, are associated with QT interval prolongation and an increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias.
D. Beta-Lactams: Beta-lactams, which include penicillins and cephalosporins, are not commonly associated with QT prolongation. They are more likely to cause allergic reactions.
E. Cephalosporins: Cephalosporins are not typically associated with QT prolongation. They share a similar beta-lactam structure to penicillins.