A nurse is caring for a client and observes that the client's urine is dark amber, cloudy, and has an unpleasant odor. The nurse should recognize that these findings are associated with which of the following?
Urinary retention
Urinary tract infection
Urinary incontinence
Urinary frequency
The Correct Answer is B
A. Urinary retention typically presents with difficulty urinating, rather than changes in urine color or odor.
B. Dark amber, cloudy urine with an unpleasant odor is indicative of a urinary tract infection (UTI). The cloudiness suggests the presence of bacteria or pus, while the dark color and odor are common signs of infection.
C. Urinary incontinence is characterized by the involuntary loss of urine, not changes in the characteristics of urine.
D. Urinary frequency refers to the need to urinate more often, which does not directly relate to the appearance or odor of the urine.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Cloudy urine may indicate sediment or the presence of protein but does not necessarily require immediate notification to the provider.
B. A strong odor in the first-voided urine can be normal or due to dehydration or dietary factors, and does not immediately warrant concern.
C. A urine output of 175 mL in 8 hours is significantly low and indicates possible oliguria, which is a concern for impaired renal function and should be reported to the provider.
D. A urine output of 2,200 mL in 24 hours can indicate normal or excessive output (polyuria), but it is less concerning than oliguria and does not require immediate notification.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Thicken gravies with cornstarch is acceptable as it does not add significant sodium and can be a healthier alternative to flour or other thickening agents.
B. Fresh fruits are indeed a healthy snack option and are encouraged in a heart-healthy diet due to their low sodium and high fiber content.
C. Eating 2 cans of soup a day is concerning because many canned soups are high in sodium, which can exacerbate hypertension. This statement indicates a need for further teaching about sodium intake.
D. Replacing table salt with dried herbs is a positive change that promotes flavor without adding sodium, aligning with heart-healthy dietary recommendations.