A nurse is caring for a client and observes that the client's urine is dark amber, cloudy, and has an unpleasant odor. The nurse should recognize that these findings are associated with which of the following?
Urinary retention
Urinary tract infection
Urinary incontinence
Urinary frequency
The Correct Answer is B
A. Urinary retention typically presents with difficulty urinating, rather than changes in urine color or odor.
B. Dark amber, cloudy urine with an unpleasant odor is indicative of a urinary tract infection (UTI). The cloudiness suggests the presence of bacteria or pus, while the dark color and odor are common signs of infection.
C. Urinary incontinence is characterized by the involuntary loss of urine, not changes in the characteristics of urine.
D. Urinary frequency refers to the need to urinate more often, which does not directly relate to the appearance or odor of the urine.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Dehydration is a common finding in clients who have experienced diarrhea for several days, as they may have lost significant fluid and electrolytes.
B. A rigid abdomen is more characteristic of conditions such as perforation or severe peritonitis rather than diarrhea.
C. Decreased bowel sounds may occur in certain conditions, but diarrhea typically presents with increased bowel sounds due to hyperactivity.
D. Hypothermia is not a common finding associated with diarrhea; instead, clients may have a normal or elevated temperature due to potential underlying infections.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Using an alcohol rub when hands are visibly soiled is incorrect; hands should be washed with soap and water in such cases.
B. Rubbing all surfaces of the hands with an alcohol rub for 20 to 30 seconds is an appropriate practice for effective hand hygiene when hands are not visibly soiled, ensuring thorough coverage of all hand surfaces.
C. Gloves are not a substitute for hand hygiene; hands should be washed before putting on gloves and after removing them to prevent contamination.
D. Even if an individual does not have an infection, they can still carry pathogens on their hands that may infect others, highlighting the necessity of proper hand hygiene.