A nurse is caring for a client and observes that the client's urine is dark amber, cloudy, and has an unpleasant odor. The nurse should recognize that these findings are associated with which of the following?
Urinary retention
Urinary tract infection
Urinary incontinence
Urinary frequency
The Correct Answer is B
A. Urinary retention typically presents with difficulty urinating, rather than changes in urine color or odor.
B. Dark amber, cloudy urine with an unpleasant odor is indicative of a urinary tract infection (UTI). The cloudiness suggests the presence of bacteria or pus, while the dark color and odor are common signs of infection.
C. Urinary incontinence is characterized by the involuntary loss of urine, not changes in the characteristics of urine.
D. Urinary frequency refers to the need to urinate more often, which does not directly relate to the appearance or odor of the urine.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Trying to defecate at different times of the day may not be effective; it's better to establish a regular bowel routine.
B. Increasing daily fluid intake is correct, as adequate hydration helps soften stool and promote regular bowel movements, making it an essential part of managing constipation.
C. Reducing daily activity is incorrect; regular physical activity can stimulate bowel function and alleviate constipation.
D. Consuming a low-fiber diet is not advisable, as a high-fiber diet is recommended for preventing and managing constipation by promoting healthy bowel movements.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Washing the area of the puncture thoroughly with soap and water is the first and most immediate action to reduce the risk of infection and transmission of bloodborne pathogens. This should be done as soon as possible after the injury.
B. Going to employee health services is necessary but should follow immediate first aid measures.
C. Completing an incident report is important for documentation and accountability but is not the immediate priority after a needle-stick injury.
D. Reporting the incident to the charge nurse is necessary for proper protocol but does not take precedence over ensuring the injury is properly cleaned first.