A nurse is caring for a child who has pertussis. The child's parent asks the nurse what the common name for this disease is. The nurse should respond with which of the following common names?
Whooping cough
Fifth disease
Chickenpox
Mumps
The Correct Answer is A
A. Whooping cough. Pertussis is commonly called "whooping cough" due to the characteristic "whooping" sound heard during coughing fits.
B. Fifth disease. Fifth disease is caused by parvovirus B19, not Bordetella pertussis, the bacteria causing pertussis.
C. Chickenpox. Chickenpox is caused by the varicella-zoster virus and has no relation to pertussis.
D. Mumps. Mumps is caused by the mumps virus, unrelated to pertussis.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Decreased pressure and cloudy cerebrospinal fluid with a high protein level. Meningitis usually causes increased intracranial pressure, not decreased.
B. Clear cerebrospinal fluid with a high protein and low glucose. Clear CSF is typically seen in viral meningitis, but bacterial meningitis more often causes cloudy CSF.
C. Cloudy cerebrospinal fluid with a low protein and low glucose. While glucose is low in bacterial meningitis, protein is typically elevated due to the infection.
D. Cloudy cerebrospinal fluid with a high protein and low glucose levels. This finding is consistent with bacterial meningitis, where the CSF is cloudy, protein is elevated due to inflammation, and glucose is low because bacteria consume glucose.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Reduce environmental stimuli: While minimizing stimuli is important for comfort, it is not the priority in treating a life-threatening bacterial infection.
B. Document intake and output: Monitoring fluid status is essential but secondary to administering life-saving treatment.
C. Administer antibiotics when available: Bacterial meningitis is a medical emergency. Administering antibiotics promptly can reduce mortality and prevent complications such as neurological damage.
D. Maintain seizure precautions: Seizure precautions are necessary but do not take precedence over starting antibiotics.