A nurse is caring for a child who has Addison's disease. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Place the child on a low-sodium diet.
Monitor the child for fluid volume excess.
Discuss the manifestations of hyperglycemia with the parents
Teach the parents about cortisol replacement therapy.
The Correct Answer is D
Rationale:
A. Children with Addison’s disease often require increased sodium intake, especially during periods of stress or illness, due to the lack of aldosterone.
B. Addison's disease typically causes fluid volume deficit rather than excess.
C. Addison's disease is more commonly associated with hypoglycemia rather than hyperglycemia.
D. Teaching the parents about cortisol replacement therapy is crucial, as this is the primary treatment for managing Addison’s disease. The child will need lifelong hormone replacement to compensate for the lack of cortisol.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Exophthalmos is typically associated with hyperthyroidism, particularly in Graves' disease, and is not a characteristic finding in hypothyroidism.
B. Weight gain is a common symptom of hypothyroidism due to the slowed metabolism caused by reduced thyroid hormone levels. Clients often report unexplained weight gain despite maintaining a normal diet and activity level.
C. Diaphoresis, or excessive sweating, is more commonly associated with hyperthyroidism, where increased metabolism leads to heat intolerance and sweating.
D. Palpitations are also more commonly associated with hyperthyroidism, where an increased heart rate and heightened sensitivity to adrenaline are common. In hypothyroidism, bradycardia or a slowed heart rate may be observed instead.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Hyperparathyroidism often leads to elevated levels of calcium in the blood, which can result in joint and bone pain due to the excessive breakdown of bone tissue (osteoporosis).
B. Tremors are not typically associated with hyperparathyroidism; they are more commonly linked to conditions like hyperthyroidism or neurological disorders.
C. Swelling in the legs is more commonly associated with conditions like heart failure or venous insufficiency, not hyperparathyroidism.
D. Diarrhea is not a common symptom of hyperparathyroidism; this condition is more likely to cause constipation due to hypercalcemia.