A nurse is caring for a child who has Addison's disease. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Place the child on a low-sodium diet.
Monitor the child for fluid volume excess.
Discuss the manifestations of hyperglycemia with the parents
Teach the parents about cortisol replacement therapy.
The Correct Answer is D
Rationale:
A. Children with Addison’s disease often require increased sodium intake, especially during periods of stress or illness, due to the lack of aldosterone.
B. Addison's disease typically causes fluid volume deficit rather than excess.
C. Addison's disease is more commonly associated with hypoglycemia rather than hyperglycemia.
D. Teaching the parents about cortisol replacement therapy is crucial, as this is the primary treatment for managing Addison’s disease. The child will need lifelong hormone replacement to compensate for the lack of cortisol.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. While administering oxygen can help with overall oxygenation, it does not specifically address the issue of thick, tenacious secretions.
B. A low-salt diet might be indicated for other health concerns but does not directly impact bronchial secretions.
C. Semi-Fowler's position can help with lung expansion and ease of breathing but does not directly assist with loosening secretions.
D. Drinking 2 to 3 liters of water daily helps to thin bronchial secretions, making it easier for the client to expectorate (cough up) the mucus, which is particularly important in managing COPD.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Injecting insulin into the abdominal area is appropriate as it is one of the preferred sites for insulin administration due to its consistent absorption.
B. Blood sugar readings should be taken before meals, not after, to determine the need for insulin and to manage blood glucose levels effectively.
C. Insulin does not allow for unrestricted consumption of high-sugar foods like ice cream; instead, a balanced diet is important to maintain stable blood glucose levels.
D. While weight reduction can help manage diabetes, it does not inherently cause hypoglycemia unless the client is taking insulin or other medications that lower blood glucose.