A nurse is assisting with the care of a client who has infective endocarditis. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse identify as a complication of this disorder?
Dyspnea
Fever
Petechiae
A heart murmur
The Correct Answer is A
A. Dyspnea can indicate heart failure or embolic events resulting from infective endocarditis, making it a serious complication that warrants attention.
B. Fever is a common symptom of infective endocarditis due to the infection but is not a complication; rather, it is part of the disease process.
C. Petechiae are small red or purple spots that can occur with infective endocarditis but are also not considered a complication, rather a manifestation of the condition.
D. A heart murmur may be present due to valvular damage but is not classified as a complication; it is a common finding in infective endocarditis.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. A positive result in a Tensilon test is indicated by a temporary improvement in muscle strength following the administration of edrophonium (Tensilon), which confirms the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis.
B. A "pill-rolling" tremor is associated with Parkinson's disease and is not a relevant finding in myasthenia gravis or the Tensilon test.
C. The Tensilon test assesses muscle strength rather than electrical charge in the muscle; therefore, an increase in electrical activity is not a relevant measure for this test.
D. No change in muscle strength indicates a negative result for myasthenia gravis, suggesting that the test did not confirm the diagnosis.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. While hyperlipidemia can contribute to vascular damage, it primarily increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke, rather than directly blocking neuron communication to cause dementia.
B. Peptic ulcer disease is not associated with dementia, and the loss of nerve cells in the stomach does not lead to cognitive decline.
C. Peptic ulcer disease does not cause dementia by impacting neuron communication in the stomach.
D. Vascular dementia is often caused by stroke due to reduced blood flow or damage to the blood vessels in the brain, leading to cognitive decline and memory loss.