A nurse is assessing a toddler who has heart failure. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Bradycardia
Weight loss
Orthopnea
Increased urine output
The Correct Answer is C
A. Bradycardia is not typically expected in toddlers with heart failure; instead, tachycardia (increased heart rate) is more common as the body compensates for decreased cardiac output.
B. Weight loss is generally not a typical finding in toddlers with heart failure; rather, they often experience weight gain due to fluid retention.
C. Orthopnea, or difficulty breathing when lying flat, is a common symptom of heart failure and would be expected in a toddler due to fluid overload affecting respiratory function.
D. Increased urine output is usually not expected in heart failure; rather, fluid retention often leads to decreased urine output as the kidneys respond to the body's fluid balance needs.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) typically has identifiable P waves; the absence of P waves suggests a different condition.
B. Atrial fibrillation is characterized by an irregular rhythm, inability to identify P waves, and varying intervals. This interpretation aligns with the client's ECG findings.
C. Sinus bradycardia would show identifiable P waves and a regular rhythm with a heart rate less than 60 bpm, which does not match the provided information.
D. First-degree heart block would also show identifiable P waves and regularity in the rhythm with a prolonged PR interval, which is not indicated here.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Solitary play is more characteristic of earlier stages of development, such as infancy and early childhood. School-age children benefit more from social interactions.
B. While academic achievements are important, focusing solely on individual success does not support the social skills that are essential for this developmental stage.
C. Encouraging participation in team sports promotes social interaction, teamwork, and a sense of belonging, which are crucial for developing competence and self-esteem during this stage.
D. Promoting dependence on parents goes against the developmental task of this age group, which is to foster independence and decision-making skills.