A nurse is assessing a toddler who has acute nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
Facial edema
Irritability
Poor appetite
Yellow nasal discharge
The Correct Answer is D
Rationale:
A. Facial edema is a common finding in nephrotic syndrome due to hypoalbuminemia and fluid retention.
B. Irritability can occur due to discomfort or malaise associated with the condition but is not immediately concerning.
C. Poor appetite is a common symptom in children with nephrotic syndrome and is expected.
D. Yellow nasal discharge may indicate an infection, which is a concern in children with nephrotic syndrome because they are at increased risk for infections due to their condition and the potential use of immunosuppressive therapies.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Pyloric stenosis causes projectile vomiting and dehydration due to gastric outlet obstruction, not inadequate motility of the intestine.
B. Hirschsprung's disease (congenital aganglionic megacolon) leads to inadequate motility of part of the intestine and results in a mechanical obstruction.
C. Encopresis refers to the involuntary defecation in children, typically related to constipation, not motility issues.
D. Enterocolitis is inflammation of the intestine and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea, but it is not characterized by inadequate motility of the intestine.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. A stool fat content analysis can indicate malabsorption issues but is not definitive for cystic fibrosis.
B. Pulmonary function tests assess lung function but do not confirm cystic fibrosis.
C. The sweat chloride test is the primary diagnostic test for cystic fibrosis, as it measures the amount of chloride in sweat, which is elevated in this condition.
D. A sputum culture can help identify respiratory infections but does not confirm cystic fibrosis.