A nurse is assessing a toddler who has acute nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
Facial edema
Irritability
Poor appetite
Yellow nasal discharge
The Correct Answer is D
Rationale:
A. Facial edema is a common finding in nephrotic syndrome due to hypoalbuminemia and fluid retention.
B. Irritability can occur due to discomfort or malaise associated with the condition but is not immediately concerning.
C. Poor appetite is a common symptom in children with nephrotic syndrome and is expected.
D. Yellow nasal discharge may indicate an infection, which is a concern in children with nephrotic syndrome because they are at increased risk for infections due to their condition and the potential use of immunosuppressive therapies.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. The primary purpose of pancreatic enzymes is to aid digestion, not to improve metabolism.
B. Pancreatic enzymes are used to help digest fats, proteins, and carbohydrates, which is essential for children with cystic fibrosis who have pancreatic insufficiency.
C. Enzymes should be taken with meals and snacks, not before them.
D. Enzymes should be taken with or just before meals to ensure they work effectively during digestion.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. The knee-chest position increases systemic vascular resistance, which helps to divert more blood to the pulmonary circulation, improving oxygenation in a child experiencing a "tet spell" or hypercyanotic episode.
B. The prone position does not help in relieving cyanosis and dyspnea in Tetralogy of Fallot.
C. The supine position with the head turned does not assist in improving oxygenation during a cyanotic episode.
D. The semi-Fowler's position may aid breathing but is less effective than the knee-chest position in managing cyanotic spells.