A nurse is assessing a toddler who has acute nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
Facial edema
Irritability
Poor appetite
Yellow nasal discharge
The Correct Answer is D
Rationale:
A. Facial edema is a common finding in nephrotic syndrome due to hypoalbuminemia and fluid retention.
B. Irritability can occur due to discomfort or malaise associated with the condition but is not immediately concerning.
C. Poor appetite is a common symptom in children with nephrotic syndrome and is expected.
D. Yellow nasal discharge may indicate an infection, which is a concern in children with nephrotic syndrome because they are at increased risk for infections due to their condition and the potential use of immunosuppressive therapies.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Budesonide is an inhaled corticosteroid used for long-term control, not for acute attacks.
B. Albuterol is a short-acting beta agonist (SABA) used as a first-line treatment for immediate relief during an acute asthma attack.
C. Fluticasone is an inhaled corticosteroid for long-term control and prevention, not for acute relief.
D. Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist used for long-term control and prevention, not for acute asthma attacks.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. This is a common manifestation of hydrocephalus in newborns. The increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the ventricles causes the skull to expand, which can lead to prominent and dilated scalp veins due to increased intracranial pressure.
B. Over-riding suture lines are more commonly associated with conditions like craniosynostosis or during the early stages of labor when the skull bones overlap. In hydrocephalus, the sutures are more likely to be separated rather than overridden due to the expansion of the skull.
C. This is not a typical manifestation of hydrocephalus. Instead, you would expect a more pronounced or bulging forehead due to increased intracranial pressure.
D. Hypertension is not typically a manifestation of hydrocephalus in newborns. Instead, the condition is more associated with signs of increased intracranial pressure and changes in head size.