A nurse is assessing a toddler who has acute nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
Facial edema
Irritability
Poor appetite
Yellow nasal discharge
The Correct Answer is D
Rationale:
A. Facial edema is a common finding in nephrotic syndrome due to hypoalbuminemia and fluid retention.
B. Irritability can occur due to discomfort or malaise associated with the condition but is not immediately concerning.
C. Poor appetite is a common symptom in children with nephrotic syndrome and is expected.
D. Yellow nasal discharge may indicate an infection, which is a concern in children with nephrotic syndrome because they are at increased risk for infections due to their condition and the potential use of immunosuppressive therapies.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Puberty might be considered delayed if there are no scrotal changes by the age of 11 years, as testicular enlargement is one of the earliest signs of puberty in boys.
B. Growth spurts typically occur early in puberty, not towards the end.
C. Changes in voice occur later in puberty, not at the beginning.
D. Gynecomastia (breast tissue development) commonly occurs during early puberty rather than late puberty and is usually temporary.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. The conjunctivae can show signs of cyanosis but is not the most reliable indicator of central cyanosis.
B. Ear lobes may show peripheral cyanosis but are not reliable for central cyanosis.
C. The soles of the feet are not typically assessed for cyanosis in this context.
D. The oral mucosa is the most reliable indicator of central cyanosis, as it reflects the oxygenation status of the blood more accurately.