A nurse is assessing a newborn who was born at 42.5 weeks of gestation. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Faint red marks on the plantar surface.
Copious vernix.
Dry, cracked skin.
Scant scalp hair.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale
Faint red marks on the plantar surface are more common in preterm infants and are not typically seen in post-term infants.
Choice B rationale
Copious vernix is usually seen in preterm infants. Post-term infants often have little to no vernix.
Choice C rationale
Dry, cracked skin is a common finding in post-term infants due to prolonged exposure to the amniotic fluid.
Choice D rationale
Scant scalp hair is more common in preterm infants. Post-term infants usually have more developed hair.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Erythema toxicum is a common, benign rash in newborns but does not cause swelling that crosses suture lines.
Choice B rationale
A caput succedaneum is swelling of the scalp that crosses suture lines and is caused by prolonged pressure on the head during delivery.
Choice C rationale
Mongolian spots are benign, flat, congenital birthmarks with wavy borders and irregular shapes, typically found on the lower back and buttocks, not the head.
Choice D rationale
A cephalhematoma is a collection of blood between the skull bone and its periosteum that does not cross suture lines. .
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
The xiphoid process is not the correct anatomical landmark for measuring chest circumference in newborns. It is located at the lower end of the sternum and does not provide a consistent measurement point.
Choice B rationale
The fifth intercostal space is not used for measuring chest circumference in newborns. This space is located between the ribs and is not a reliable landmark for consistent measurements.
Choice C rationale
The sternal notch is not the correct landmark for measuring chest circumference. It is located at the top of the sternum and does not provide a consistent measurement point.
Choice D rationale
The nipple line is the correct anatomical landmark for measuring chest circumference in newborns. This method ensures that the measurement is taken at a consistent and reproducible location, providing an accurate assessment of the chest size relative to growth and development standards.