A nurse is assessing a newborn for manifestations of a large patent ductus arteriosus. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Weak pulses
Cyanosis with crying
Chronic hypoxemia
Systolic murmur
The Correct Answer is D
A. Weak pulses are more indicative of reduced cardiac output or other cardiac issues, rather than specifically a large patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).
B. Cyanosis with crying can occur in various conditions, but it is not a hallmark of a large PDA; it typically presents with other symptoms.
C. Chronic hypoxemia is more associated with severe heart defects or lung conditions, whereas a large PDA may present with other signs first.
D. A systolic murmur is a classic finding in large PDAs due to the left-to-right shunting of blood, making it the most expected manifestation in this scenario.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Avoiding triggers that cause an asthma attack is crucial in managing asthma effectively and should be emphasized in education.
B. Cromolyn sodium is a preventive medication and should be taken regularly, not just at the first sign of difficulty; immediate relief medications are preferred during an attack.
C. The peak expiratory flow meter should be used daily to monitor asthma control, rather than just once a week.
D. It is generally not necessary for the child to stop playing sports; many children with asthma can participate in activities like basketball as long as their condition is well-managed.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Administering IV fluids may be necessary but is not the first priority in managing a suspected airway emergency.
B. Placing the child on droplet precautions is the first action to take to prevent the spread of infection and protect healthcare workers, given the suspected diagnosis of epiglottitis.
C. Initiating IV antibiotics is essential but should follow ensuring that appropriate precautions and assessments are in place.
D. While obtaining an x-ray can confirm the diagnosis, the child's safety and airway management must be prioritized first to avoid potential respiratory distress.