A nurse is assessing a client's risk of breast cancer.
Which of the following would not be included in the education about risks?
Client's sister had breast cancer.
History of radiation exposure.
Currently taking oral contraceptives.
Age less than 25 years old.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
A family history of breast cancer, particularly in a close relative like a sister, is a significant risk factor for breast cancer.
Choice B rationale
Exposure to radiation, particularly in the chest area, increases the risk of developing breast cancer.
Choice C rationale
Current use of oral contraceptives can slightly increase the risk of breast cancer, though the risk diminishes after stopping the pills.
Choice D rationale
Age less than 25 years is not a risk factor for breast cancer; risk increases with age.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
A boggy and displaced fundus typically indicates bladder distention. Assisting the client to void can help relieve bladder distention, allowing the uterus to contract properly and
reducing the risk of postpartum hemorrhage.
Choice B rationale
Asking the client to rate her pain is important, but it does not address the immediate issue of a boggy, displaced fundus, which suggests bladder distention.
Choice C rationale
Encouraging the client to move to the left lateral position might help with blood flow and comfort but does not resolve the issue of a boggy fundus due to bladder distention.
Choice D rationale
Kegel exercises strengthen pelvic floor muscles but do not address the immediate concern of a boggy, displaced fundus caused by bladder distention.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
The placenta does not provide thermoregulation; that function is managed by maternal thermoregulation and the amniotic fluid which insulates the fetus.
Choice B rationale
Amniotic fluid cushions the fetus from maternal movements, not the placenta. The placenta's role is more focused on nutrient and waste exchange.
Choice C rationale
The placenta facilitates metabolic functions and gas exchange, supplying oxygen and nutrients to the fetus while removing carbon dioxide and waste products, ensuring fetal development.
Choice D rationale
The placenta doesn't provide a sterile environment. This is accomplished by the amniotic sac and amniotic fluid. The placenta connects the fetus to maternal blood supply, ensuring necessary exchanges for fetal growth.