A nurse is assessing a client with Cushing's syndrome. The nurse is aware that an exogenous cause of Cushing's syndrome is which of the following?
Insufficient insulin production
Long term use of glucocorticoids
Adrenal insufficiency
Overproduction of growth hormones
The Correct Answer is B
A. Insufficient insulin production is related to diabetes mellitus, not Cushing's syndrome.
B. Long-term use of glucocorticoids is a well-known exogenous cause of Cushing's syndrome, as it leads to excess cortisol in the body.
C. Adrenal insufficiency refers to a deficiency of adrenal hormones and would not cause Cushing's syndrome, which is characterized by excess hormones.
D. Overproduction of growth hormones is associated with acromegaly or gigantism, not Cushing's syndrome, which primarily involves excess cortisol.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Hypotension is not typically associated with adrenal cortex hyperfunction; in fact, patients may experience hypertension due to excess cortisol and aldosterone.
B. Dehydration is more common with adrenal insufficiency than hyperfunction, as excess hormone production often leads to fluid retention.
C. Hyponatremia is generally not a concern with adrenal cortex hyperfunction; clients may experience hypernatremia instead due to fluid retention.
D. Hypokalemia is a significant risk in clients with adrenal cortex hyperfunction, especially due to the effects of excessive aldosterone, which promotes sodium retention and potassium excretion.
Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]
Explanation
A. Calcium binders are used to help decrease the amount of calcium absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, thus lowering calcium levels in the blood.
B. Vitamin D supplements would actually increase calcium levels by enhancing intestinal absorption, so this option is not appropriate in hypercalcemia.
C. Administering fluids helps to dilute serum calcium levels and promote renal excretion of calcium, making it a priority treatment.
D. Furosemide (Lasix) can help promote diuresis, thereby increasing the excretion of calcium through the urine, which is beneficial in managing hypercalcemia.
E. Oral phosphates may be used in some cases to manage hypercalcemia, but they are not a first-line treatment and their administration should be carefully considered in conjunction with other treatments.