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A nurse is assessing a client with a temperature of 38.5°C (101.3°F) and a white blood cell count of 15,000/mm³. Which condition is the client most likely experiencing?

A.

Bacterial infection.

B.

Viral infection.

C.

Fungal infection.

D.

Parasitic infection.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale

 

Bacterial infection often leads to an elevated white blood cell count (15,000/mm³) and fever (38.5°C). The body’s immune response to bacterial pathogens results in these clinical manifestations.

 

Choice B rationale

 

Viral infections can cause fever, but they typically do not lead to a significant increase in white blood cell count.

 

Choice C rationale

 

Fungal infections can cause fever and elevated white blood cell count, but they are less common and usually occur in immunocompromised individuals.

 

Choice D rationale

 

Parasitic infections can cause fever and elevated white blood cell count, but they are less common and usually present with other specific symptoms.


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View Related questions

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Hypercalcemia is characterized by increased calcium levels in the blood, often due to increased absorption of calcium from the gut. However, in chronic kidney disease (CKD), the kidneys’ ability to activate vitamin D is impaired, leading to decreased calcium absorption from the gut, not increased. Therefore, hypercalcemia is not a typical sign of CKD.

Choice B rationale

A positive Chvostek’s sign is indicative of hypocalcemia, which is a common symptom in CKD. The kidneys’ reduced ability to activate vitamin D leads to decreased calcium absorption from the gut, resulting in low calcium levels in the blood. This hypocalcemia can cause neuromuscular irritability, leading to a positive Chvostek’s sign.

Choice C rationale

Tetany is a condition characterized by muscle cramps and spasms, often due to hypocalcemia. In CKD, hypocalcemia occurs due to the kidneys’ inability to activate vitamin D, leading to decreased calcium absorption from the gut. This hypocalcemia can cause hyperexcitability of nerves and muscles, resulting in tetany.

Choice D rationale

Hyperphosphatemia is characterized by high phosphate levels in the blood. In CKD, the kidneys’ ability to excrete phosphate is impaired, leading to its accumulation in the blood. However, this is not directly related to the inability to absorb phosphate from the gut but rather the kidneys’ reduced excretion capacity.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Administering sodium polystyrene sulfonate helps to lower potassium levels by exchanging sodium ions for potassium ions in the intestines. However, it is not the first intervention because it takes time to work and does not address the immediate risk of cardiac arrhythmias caused by hyperkalemia.

Choice B rationale

Monitoring the client’s cardiac rhythm is the first intervention because hyperkalemia can cause life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Continuous cardiac monitoring allows for the early detection and treatment of these arrhythmias, which is crucial for the client’s safety.

Choice C rationale

Restricting dietary potassium intake is an important long-term management strategy for hyperkalemia, especially in clients with chronic kidney disease. However, it does not address the immediate risk of cardiac arrhythmias and is not the first intervention.

Choice D rationale

Preparing the client for hemodialysis is a definitive treatment for hyperkalemia, especially in clients with chronic kidney disease. However, it is not the first intervention because it takes time to arrange and initiate dialysis. Immediate cardiac monitoring is necessary to manage the acute risk of arrhythmias.

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