A nurse is assessing a client with a temperature of 38.5°C (101.3°F) and a white blood cell count of 15,000/mm³. Which condition is the client most likely experiencing?
Bacterial infection.
Viral infection.
Fungal infection.
Parasitic infection.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
Bacterial infection often leads to an elevated white blood cell count (15,000/mm³) and fever (38.5°C). The body’s immune response to bacterial pathogens results in these clinical manifestations.
Choice B rationale
Viral infections can cause fever, but they typically do not lead to a significant increase in white blood cell count.
Choice C rationale
Fungal infections can cause fever and elevated white blood cell count, but they are less common and usually occur in immunocompromised individuals.
Choice D rationale
Parasitic infections can cause fever and elevated white blood cell count, but they are less common and usually present with other specific symptoms.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
ChoiceArationale
Post-renalacute kidneyinjury(AKI)iscausedbyobstructionofurineflow,leadingto decreased urine output, but it does not typically cause crackles in the lungs.
ChoiceBrationale
Diabetesinsipidus(DI)ischaracterizedbyexcessiveurinationandthirstduetoadeficiencyof antidiuretic hormone (ADH), but it does not cause crackles in the lungs.
ChoiceCrationale
Syndromeofinappropriateantidiuretichormone(SIADH)involvesexcessivereleaseofADH, leading to water retention and hyponatremia, but it does not cause crackles in the lungs.
ChoiceDrationale
Congestiveheartfailure(CHF)canleadtofluidaccumulationinthelungs(crackles)and decreased urine output due to poor cardiac function and renal perfusion.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","E","F"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale
The tripod position helps to improve breathing by allowing the diaphragm to expand more effectively. This position reduces the work of breathing and helps to increase lung capacity, which is beneficial for patients with emphysema.
Choice B rationale
Pursed lip breathing is a technique that helps to keep the airways open longer, allowing more air to escape and reducing the work of breathing. This method helps to improve ventilation and oxygenation in patients with emphysema.
Choice C rationale
Staying current with yearly vaccinations is important for overall health, but it is not a specific strategy for better breathing in emphysema patients. Vaccinations help prevent respiratory infections, which can exacerbate emphysema symptoms.
Choice D rationale
Taking an antihistamine every day is not a recommended strategy for better breathing in emphysema patients. Antihistamines are typically used to treat allergies and may have side effects that could worsen breathing difficulties.
Choice E rationale
Inhaling slowly and deeply helps to maximize lung expansion and improve oxygenation. This technique can help to reduce shortness of breath and improve overall breathing efficiency in patients with emphysema.
Choice F rationale
Sleeping with 2 pillows to prop oneself up helps to reduce the work of breathing by preventing the diaphragm from being compressed. This position can help to improve breathing and reduce shortness of breath during sleep.
Choice G rationale
Measuring peak flow is a useful tool for monitoring lung function, but it is not a specific strategy for better breathing in emphysema patients. Peak flow measurements can help to track the progression of the disease and adjust treatment plans accordingly.
Choice H rationale
Taking a leukotriene inhibitor every day is not a recommended strategy for better breathing in emphysema patients. Leukotriene inhibitors are typically used to treat asthma and may not be effective for emphysema.