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A nurse is assessing a client with a temperature of 38.5°C (101.3°F) and a white blood cell count of 15,000/mm³. Which condition is the client most likely experiencing?

A.

Bacterial infection.

B.

Viral infection.

C.

Fungal infection.

D.

Parasitic infection.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale

 

Bacterial infection often leads to an elevated white blood cell count (15,000/mm³) and fever (38.5°C). The body’s immune response to bacterial pathogens results in these clinical manifestations.

 

Choice B rationale

 

Viral infections can cause fever, but they typically do not lead to a significant increase in white blood cell count.

 

Choice C rationale

 

Fungal infections can cause fever and elevated white blood cell count, but they are less common and usually occur in immunocompromised individuals.

 

Choice D rationale

 

Parasitic infections can cause fever and elevated white blood cell count, but they are less common and usually present with other specific symptoms.


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View Related questions

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Urine specific gravity of 1.029 indicates concentrated urine, which is common in dehydration but not specific to prerenal AKI. It reflects the kidney’s ability to concentrate urine in response to fluid deficit.

Choice B rationale

BUN of 28 mg/dL can indicate dehydration or renal impairment. However, it is not as specific as creatinine in diagnosing prerenal AKI. BUN can be elevated due to other factors like high protein intake or gastrointestinal bleeding.

Choice C rationale

Creatinine of 2.4 mg/dL is a critical indicator of kidney function. Elevated creatinine levels are more specific to renal impairment, including prerenal AKI, as they reflect the kidney’s ability to filter waste products.

Choice D rationale

Dry mucous membranes are a sign of dehydration but are not specific to prerenal AKI. They indicate fluid volume deficit but do not directly reflect kidney function.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Acute pancreatitis is characterized by severe epigastric pain and elevated levels of amylase and lipase. These enzymes are released into the bloodstream when the pancreas is inflamed, making acute pancreatitis the most likely diagnosis.

Choice B rationale

Acute hematochezia refers to the passage of fresh blood through the anus, usually in or with stools. It is not associated with elevated amylase and lipase levels or severe epigastric pain.

Choice C rationale

Left heart failure can cause symptoms such as shortness of breath and fluid retention, but it does not typically cause elevated amylase and lipase levels or severe epigastric pain.

Choice D rationale

Chronic hepatic failure involves long-term liver damage and may present with jaundice, ascites, and other symptoms. It is not associated with elevated amylase and lipase levels or severe epigastric pain.

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