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A nurse is assessing a client with a history of heart failure who presents with severe edema in the lower extremities. The nurse would document the presence of +4 pitting edema after noting which finding?

A.

Severe pitting, very swollen leg and indentation that lasts for a long time, 8 mm deep

B.

Slight indentation, with no perceptible swelling of the leg. 2 mm deep

C.

Moderate pitting, with indentation that subsides rapidly, 4 mm deep

D.

Deep pitting, swollen leg, and indentation that remains for a short time, 6 mm deep

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. +4 pitting edema is characterized by severe pitting that creates a deep indentation (greater than 8 mm) that remains for a prolonged period. This description matches the findings in option 

 

B. This describes +1 pitting edema, which is not consistent with +4 edema.  

 

C. This option describes +2 or +3 pitting edema, as the indentation subsides rapidly, which does not align with +4.  

 

D. Although this describes deep pitting, the depth is less than 8 mm, which is not consistent with +4 edema.


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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. A BMI of 26 is not classified as obese; obesity typically starts at a BMI of 30.

B. Underweight is defined as a BMI less than 18.5, which does not apply to this client.

C. A BMI of 26 falls within the overweight category, which is defined as a BMI between 25 and 29.9.

D. A healthy weight is classified as a BMI between 18.5 and 24.9, which does not include a BMI of 26.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. The severity of the condition may correlate with pain but is not a direct measure of the individual's pain experience.

B. Vital signs can change due to pain but are not specific indicators of pain intensity or presence.

C. Nonverbal behavior can provide clues about pain but is subjective and can vary greatly between individuals.

D. Self-rating of pain is considered the most reliable indicator of pain because it reflects the individual's personal experience and perception of their pain, making it the gold standard for assessing pain intensity.

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