A nurse is assessing a client who started taking furosemide 2 days ago and has a potassium level of 3.1 mEq/L (3.5 to 5 mEq/L). Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Muscle rigidity of the extremities
Bounding radial pulses
Depressed deep tendon reflexes
Increased bowel motility
The Correct Answer is C
Rationale:
A. Muscle rigidity of the extremities: This finding is more indicative of hyperkalemia or severe electrolyte imbalances but is not a common symptom of hypokalemia.
B. Bounding radial pulses: This finding is more associated with hypervolemia or hyperkalemia, not with hypokalemia caused by furosemide.
C. Depressed deep tendon reflexes: This is the correct response, as low potassium levels (hypokalemia) can lead to diminished reflexes due to its role in neuromuscular function.
D. Increased bowel motility: This is incorrect, as hypokalemia typically results in decreased bowel motility and may cause constipation rather than increased motility.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. "Leuprolide decreases the production of testosterone.": Leuprolide is a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist that works by reducing testosterone production, which is essential for the growth of prostate cancer cells. This mechanism slows the progression of the cancer.
B. "Leuprolide kills cells at all stages of cellular division.": This describes how chemotherapy drugs work, but leuprolide does not function by directly killing cancer cells at different stages of their division.
C. "Leuprolide increases estrogen levels in your body to counteract the cancer cells.": Leuprolide does not increase estrogen levels. Instead, it reduces testosterone levels, which is more effective in managing prostate cancer.
D. "Leuprolide suppresses the pituitary gland's production of growth hormone to decrease cancer cellular growth.": Leuprolide suppresses the production of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), not growth hormone, to decrease testosterone levels.
Correct Answer is E
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Mostly cloudy: This is an unclear statement. It is not related to a physical manifestation that would result from haloperidol overdose.
B. Constipation: Although haloperidol can cause constipation as a side effect, it is not the most urgent concern. Other manifestations are more immediately life-threatening.
C. Dry mouth: Dry mouth is a common side effect of antipsychotics, but it is not life-threatening and would not be the priority assessment in the case of a medication overdose.
D. Daytime drowsiness: Sedation is a known side effect of haloperidol, but it is not the priority in this scenario where an overdose occurred.
E. Muscle stiffness: Muscle stiffness may indicate extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), both of which are serious and potentially life-threatening side effects of haloperidol, especially in cases of overdose. Assessing for these symptoms is the priority.