A nurse is assessing a client who is receiving a unit of packed red blood cells. Which client statement suggests manifestation of an acute hemolytic reaction?
"I have sharp pain in my lower back."
"I am coughing a lot more now."
"I hear ringing in my ears."
"I feel needles poking in my feet."
The Correct Answer is A
A. Sharp pain in the lower back is a classic symptom of an acute hemolytic reaction, which can occur due to incompatible blood transfusions.
B. Coughing more could indicate a transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) but is not a typical sign of an acute hemolytic reaction.
C. Ringing in the ears can occur with other conditions but is not a common sign of an acute hemolytic reaction.
D. Feeling needles poking in the feet is vague and not specifically associated with acute hemolytic reactions, which are characterized by more severe systemic symptoms.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Fungal and bacterial infections can occur later as the immune system becomes compromised, but they are not initial symptoms of HIV infection.
B. Flu-like symptoms and night sweats are common initial manifestations of acute HIV infection, often occurring within 2-4 weeks after exposure.
C. Kaposi's sarcoma is a type of cancer associated with advanced HIV/AIDS and not an initial symptom of infection.
D. Pneumocystis lung infection typically occurs later in the course of HIV disease when the immune system is severely weakened, not during the initial infection stage.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Sharp pain in the lower back is a classic symptom of an acute hemolytic reaction, which can occur due to incompatible blood transfusions.
B. Coughing more could indicate a transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) but is not a typical sign of an acute hemolytic reaction.
C. Ringing in the ears can occur with other conditions but is not a common sign of an acute hemolytic reaction.
D. Feeling needles poking in the feet is vague and not specifically associated with acute hemolytic reactions, which are characterized by more severe systemic symptoms.