A nurse is assessing a client who is lethargic, diaphoretic, and difficult to arouse. The client's blood sugar result was 40 mg/dL. The nurse anticipates which of the following to be administered?
Glucose tablets
Epinephrine
IVP dextrose 50%
4 oz of orange juice
The Correct Answer is C
A. Glucose tablets are appropriate for clients with mild hypoglycemia who are alert and able to chew and swallow; they are not suitable for someone who is difficult to arouse.
B. Epinephrine is not used as a treatment for hypoglycemia; it does not directly increase blood glucose levels.
C. IVP (intravenous push) dextrose 50% is indicated for severe hypoglycemia in clients who are lethargic or unresponsive, as it rapidly increases blood glucose levels.
D. Orange juice is effective for mild hypoglycemia but is not appropriate in this case due to the client’s altered mental status and risk of aspiration.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Phenazopyridine does not typically cause an increase in blood pressure; this effect is not associated with the medication.
B. While gastrointestinal upset can occur, vomiting is not a primary or expected side effect of phenazopyridine.
C. A well-known side effect of phenazopyridine is orange or reddish urine, which results from the drug's dye properties.
D. Dizziness is not a common side effect; while it can occur, it is less specific to phenazopyridine compared to the characteristic orange urine.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Folic acid does not specifically lower blood glucose; rather, it is primarily involved in DNA synthesis and cell division.
B. Folic acid is essential during pregnancy as it significantly reduces the risk of neural tube defects, such as spina bifida and anencephaly, in the developing fetus, making it a critical nutrient for pregnant women.
C. Folic acid does not prevent celiac disease; rather, celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder related to gluten intake.
D. While some studies suggest that folic acid may have a role in reducing the frequency of migraines, it is not a primary indication during pregnancy.