A nurse is assessing a client who is experiencing hypovolemia. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Oliguria
Hypertension
Bradycardia
Peripheral edema
The Correct Answer is A
A. Oliguria, or decreased urine output, is a common finding in hypovolemia due to reduced renal perfusion and decreased blood flow to the kidneys.
B. Hypertension is unlikely in hypovolemia; instead, clients typically exhibit hypotension due to decreased circulating blood volume.
C. Bradycardia is not a typical finding in hypovolemia; instead, tachycardia is more commonly observed as the body compensates for reduced blood volume.
D. Peripheral edema is associated with fluid overload rather than hypovolemia, as a decrease in blood volume usually leads to less fluid accumulation in the tissues.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Respiratory acidosis is indicated by the low pH (7.22) and elevated PaCO2 (68 mm Hg), demonstrating that CO2 is retained due to hypoventilation (as seen with a respiratory rate of 7/min). The bicarbonate level is within normal range, suggesting no metabolic compensation is present.
B. Metabolic acidosis would be indicated by a low pH and low bicarbonate level, which is not the case here since the bicarbonate is normal at 26 mEq/L.
C. Metabolic alkalosis would present with a high pH and high HCO3, which does not match these values.
D. Respiratory alkalosis would show a high pH and low PaCO2, which is contrary to the provided ABG results.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. The conversion of RNA into DNA is a critical step in the HIV lifecycle, but it does not directly lead to opportunistic infections; instead, it allows the virus to integrate into the host’s genome.
B. Having reverse transcriptase enzyme is a characteristic of retroviruses like HIV that facilitates replication, but it does not cause opportunistic infections directly.
C. HIV containing a single strand of genetic material is a feature of its classification as a retrovirus but is not related to the risk of opportunistic infections.
D. The ability of HIV to target and destroy CD4 lymphocytes is the key reason for opportunistic infections. CD4 cells are crucial for the immune response, and their depletion leads to immunosuppression, making the client susceptible to infections that would not typically affect an individual with a healthy immune system.