A nurse is assessing a client who is 6 months pregnant.Which findings should the nurse expect? (Select all four options that apply.)
hypoactive oil and sweat glands
increased skin pigmentation
Persistent migraine headaches
Facial edema
Melasma
Linea nigra
Correct Answer : B,D,E,F
A. Hypoactive oil and sweat glands: Pregnancy typically causes increased activity in oil and sweat glands, not decreased.
B. Increased skin pigmentation: Increased pigmentation is common during pregnancy, often affecting areas like the areolas and abdomen.
C. Persistent migraine headaches: While some women may experience headaches in pregnancy, they are not an expected or typical finding and may require further assessment.
D. Facial edema: Mild facial edema can occur as pregnancy progresses, especially due to increased blood volume and fluid retention.
E. Melasma: Melasma, or "mask of pregnancy," is a common finding characterized by dark patches on the face due to hormonal changes.
F. Linea nigra: Linea nigra is a dark line that often appears on the abdomen during pregnancy as a result of hormonal changes.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Restlessness is an objective sign that may indicate pain, but it is not a subjective report from the client.
B. Pupil dilation is an objective physiological response often associated with pain or stress, not a subjective indicator.
C. A report of a burning sensation is a subjective indicator because it is based on the client’s own description of their pain experience.
D. Grimacing is an objective observation by the nurse, not a subjective report from the client.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Heroin use is generally associated with intravenous use and is less commonly linked to nasal septum perforation.
B. Ecstasy (MDMA) is primarily used in tablet form and is not typically associated with nasal use that would cause septal perforation.
C. Cocaine is frequently snorted, which can lead to irritation and damage to the nasal passages and septum, resulting in perforation.
D. Marijuana is usually smoked rather than snorted, and it is not commonly associated with nasal septum perforation.