A nurse is assessing a client who has seasonal allergies and is taking an antihistamine. Which of the following findings is an adverse effect of this type of medication?
Photophobia
Diarrhea
Dry mouth
Increased blood pressure
The Correct Answer is C
A. Photophobia: Photophobia is not a common side effect of antihistamines. It can be associated with other conditions, but not typically with antihistamine use.
B. Diarrhea: Diarrhea is not a common side effect of antihistamines; they are more likely to cause constipation due to their anticholinergic effects.
C. Dry mouth: Dry mouth is a common anticholinergic effect of antihistamines. It occurs because these medications block acetylcholine, leading to decreased saliva production.
D. Increased blood pressure: Increased blood pressure is not a typical side effect of antihistamines. While some formulations may cause increased heart rate or palpitations, they do not generally lead to hypertension directly.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Increase fluids to 1L/per day. Clients with emphysema are often encouraged to increase fluid intake beyond 1 liter to help thin secretions, but 1 liter per day is generally insufficient.
B. Administer the medication with food. Theophylline should not necessarily be taken with food; it is generally taken on an empty stomach, but it can be taken with food if gastrointestinal upset occurs.
C. Consume a high-protein diet. High-protein diets may increase the metabolism of theophylline, potentially decreasing its therapeutic effect. Dietary considerations for theophylline involve avoiding caffeine.
D. Avoid caffeine while taking this medication. Theophylline is a methylxanthine, similar to caffeine, and consuming caffeine can increase the risk of side effects like tachycardia, nervousness, and insomnia.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Urine-specific gravity: While urine-specific gravity can provide information on kidney function, it does not specifically measure renal impairment or disease progression, especially in SLE.
B. Serum potassium: Serum potassium levels can be affected by renal function but are not a direct indicator of renal health and can be influenced by many other factors.
C. Serum creatinine: Serum creatinine is a more reliable indicator of renal function, as it reflects how well the kidneys are filtering waste. In clients with SLE, kidney involvement is a common complication.
D. Serum sodium: Serum sodium levels do not directly indicate renal function, though kidney impairment can impact electrolyte levels.