A nurse is assessing a client who has hypothyroidism. The nurse should expect which of the following findings?
Exophthalmos
Weight gain
Diaphoresis
Palpitations
The Correct Answer is B
Rationale:
A. Exophthalmos is typically associated with hyperthyroidism, particularly in Graves' disease, and is not a characteristic finding in hypothyroidism.
B. Weight gain is a common symptom of hypothyroidism due to the slowed metabolism caused by reduced thyroid hormone levels. Clients often report unexplained weight gain despite maintaining a normal diet and activity level.
C. Diaphoresis, or excessive sweating, is more commonly associated with hyperthyroidism, where increased metabolism leads to heat intolerance and sweating.
D. Palpitations are also more commonly associated with hyperthyroidism, where an increased heart rate and heightened sensitivity to adrenaline are common. In hypothyroidism, bradycardia or a slowed heart rate may be observed instead.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. A low sodium diet is not appropriate for a client with SIADH and hyponatremia, as it can exacerbate the low sodium levels. Increasing sodium intake might be more appropriate depending on the clinical situation.
B. Restricting fluid intake is a standard treatment for SIADH to prevent further dilution of sodium in the blood, which is critical in managing hyponatremia.
C. Desmopressin acetate is used to treat conditions with insufficient antidiuretic hormone, such as diabetes insipidus, and is not appropriate for SIADH.
D. An IV of 0.45% sodium chloride is hypotonic and could worsen hyponatremia in SIADH. Hypertonic saline would be more appropriate if IV treatment were necessary
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Increasing carbohydrate intake is not recommended for clients with Cushing's disease as they are already at risk for hyperglycemia and weight gain due to the effects of excess cortisol.
B. Decreasing protein intake is not advisable because clients with Cushing's disease often suffer from muscle wasting and weakness. Adequate protein is necessary to help maintain muscle mass.
C. Clients with Cushing's disease should increase their intake of calcium and vitamin D because they are at risk for osteoporosis due to the effects of chronic corticosteroid exposure, which can lead to decreased bone density.
D. Clients with Cushing's disease often experience hypokalemia (low potassium levels), so limiting potassium-rich foods would not be beneficial. Instead, they should ensure adequate potassium intake.