A nurse is assessing a client who has chronic venous insufficiency. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Dependent rubor
Thick, deformed toenails
Hair loss
Edema
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A: Dependent rubor
Dependent rubor is a reddish discoloration of the skin that occurs when the leg is in a dependent position (hanging down). This condition is typically associated with arterial insufficiency rather than chronic venous insufficiency. Arterial insufficiency occurs when there is inadequate blood flow through the arteries, leading to symptoms such as pain, cramping, and changes in skin color. Dependent rubor is a sign of poor arterial circulation and is not commonly seen in venous insufficiency.
Choice B: Thick, deformed toenails
Thick, deformed toenails can be a sign of fungal infections or other conditions affecting the nails, but they are not specifically indicative of chronic venous insufficiency. While individuals with chronic venous insufficiency may have poor circulation that can contribute to nail problems, this symptom is not a primary or common finding associated with the condition. Instead, it is more often related to other underlying health issues.
Choice C: Hair loss
Hair loss on the legs can occur due to various reasons, including poor circulation. However, it is more commonly associated with arterial insufficiency rather than chronic venous insufficiency. In arterial insufficiency, the reduced blood flow can lead to hair loss, shiny skin, and other changes in the lower extremities. Chronic venous insufficiency primarily affects the veins and leads to symptoms such as swelling, varicose veins, and skin changes.
Choice D: Edema
Edema, or swelling, is a hallmark symptom of chronic venous insufficiency. This condition occurs when the veins in the legs are unable to effectively return blood to the heart, leading to blood pooling in the lower extremities. The increased pressure in the veins causes fluid to leak into the surrounding tissues, resulting in swelling. Edema is often more pronounced at the end of the day or after prolonged periods of standing or sitting. Managing edema is a key aspect of treating chronic venous insufficiency, and it often involves the use of compression stockings, elevation of the legs, and other measures to improve venous return.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Albuterol is primarily a bronchodilator and does not significantly reduce inflammation. Anti-inflammatory medications, such as corticosteroids, are typically used to address inflammation in the airways.
Choice B reason:
While albuterol can help reduce coughing episodes by opening the airways and making breathing easier, it is not its primary function. Coughing can be a symptom of bronchospasm, which albuterol helps to relieve.
Choice C reason:
Albuterol is effective in preventing wheezing by relaxing the muscles around the airways, which helps to open them up and allow more air to flow through. This action helps to alleviate wheezing, a common symptom of asthma and other respiratory conditions.
Choice D reason:
The primary function of albuterol is to open the airways. It is a bronchodilator that works by relaxing the smooth muscles around the airways, allowing them to widen and making it easier to breathe.
Choice E reason:
Albuterol does not stimulate the flow of mucus. Its main action is to relax the airway muscles and improve airflow. Mucus production is typically managed by other medications or treatments.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Health care provider:
While health care providers, such as doctors, have extensive knowledge about medications and their uses, they may not always have the most up-to-date information on specific drug compatibilities. Pharmacists specialize in medications and are more likely to have immediate access to detailed compatibility data.
Choice B reason: Hospital pharmacist:
Pharmacists are the primary resource for information on drug compatibility. They have access to comprehensive databases and resources that provide detailed information on drug interactions and compatibility. Consulting the hospital pharmacist ensures that the nurse receives accurate and current information regarding the safe administration of ampicillin and gentamicin sulfate.
Choice C reason: Nurse manager:
Nurse managers oversee nursing staff and ensure that patient care standards are met. While they have a broad knowledge of clinical practices, they may not have the specific expertise or resources to provide detailed information on drug compatibility.
Choice D reason: Medication sales representative:
Medication sales representatives are knowledgeable about the products they promote, but their primary role is to market medications. They may not have the comprehensive and unbiased information needed to determine drug compatibility. It is always best to consult a pharmacist for this type of information.