A nurse is assessing a 4-month-old infant on a pediatric unit.
Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Uses thumb and index fingers in a pincer grasp.
Closed posterior fontanel.
Lateral incisors.
Sitting steadily without support.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
A pincer grasp, using the thumb and index finger to pick up small objects, typically develops around 9 to 12 months of age, not at 4 months.
Choice B rationale
The posterior fontanel typically closes by the age of 2 to 3 months, so a 4-month-old infant would be expected to have a closed posterior fontanel. This finding is consistent with normal development.
Choice C rationale
Lateral incisors, the teeth on either side of the front teeth, typically erupt around 9 to 13 months of age, not at 4 months.
Choice D rationale
Sitting steadily without support generally occurs closer to 6 to 8 months of age, so it would not be expected in a 4-month-old infant.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
A front-facing car seat for an infant does not provide adequate protection in the event of a collision. Infants should always be in a rear-facing car seat to support their head, neck, and spine.
Choice B rationale
Using an infant model car seat designed specifically for the car ensures that the seat meets safety standards and is appropriate for the child's size and developmental needs, providing optimal protection.
Choice C rationale
Being able to fit a hand between the baby and the car seat harness indicates the harness is too loose. The harness should be snug enough that only one or two fingers can fit between the strap and the baby's chest to provide secure restraint.
Choice D rationale
A rear-facing car seat should not be placed in the front passenger seat due to the risk of injury from airbags. The safest position for a rear-facing car seat is in the back seat, away from active airbags.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
The absence of creases on the plantar surface is typical of a preterm infant, not a term infant. Term infants usually have some creases.
Choice B rationale
Abundant lanugo is more common in preterm infants, while term infants may have some but not extensive lanugo.
Choice C rationale
A flexed position at rest is expected in a term neonate, as it indicates good muscle tone and neuromuscular development.
Choice D rationale
The pinna of the ear remaining folded is more indicative of a preterm infant, as term infants typically have fully formed and firmer ear cartilage.