A nurse in the pediatric clinic is discussing Piaget's theory of cognitive development with a newly licensed nurse. The nurse should review which of the following types of thinking that occur during adolescent development?
Egocentric thinking
Preoperational Thinking
Concrete thinking
Abstract thinking
The Correct Answer is D
A. Egocentric thinking is characteristic of younger children in the preoperational stage, not adolescents.
B. Preoperational thinking applies to preschool-aged children and involves intuitive rather than logical reasoning.
C. Concrete thinking is typical of school-aged children in the concrete operational stage, where they think logically about concrete objects but may struggle with abstract concepts.
D. Abstract thinking develops during adolescence, allowing individuals to think logically about hypothetical situations, reason about moral issues, and engage in critical thinking.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Holding breath for 10 seconds after inhaling the medication allows for better absorption of the medication in the lungs, indicating understanding of proper inhaler technique.
B. Taking a quick inhalation is incorrect; the client should take a slow, deep breath to ensure the medication reaches the lungs effectively.
C. Waiting 10 minutes between inhalations is not necessary unless specifically instructed; usually, a second puff can be taken after 1-2 minutes if needed.
D. The client should exhale before inhaling the medication, not while it is being released; exhaling first clears the lungs for a more effective inhalation.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. It is recommended to replace the child's toothbrush after 24 hours of starting antibiotics to prevent reinfection or spreading the bacteria.
B. A child with acute group A B-hemolytic streptococci should remain home from school until they have been on antibiotics for at least 24 hours, not for a full week, to reduce the risk of spreading the infection.
C. Warm compresses may be used to alleviate discomfort associated with sore throats or swollen glands; there is no contraindication to their use in this context.
D. Intramuscular injections are not a standard treatment for this condition; antibiotics are typically administered orally unless there are complications requiring different management.