A nurse in the pediatric clinic is discussing Piaget's theory of cognitive development with a newly licensed nurse. The nurse should review which of the following types of thinking that occur during adolescent development?
Egocentric thinking
Preoperational Thinking
Concrete thinking
Abstract thinking
The Correct Answer is D
A. Egocentric thinking is characteristic of younger children in the preoperational stage, not adolescents.
B. Preoperational thinking applies to preschool-aged children and involves intuitive rather than logical reasoning.
C. Concrete thinking is typical of school-aged children in the concrete operational stage, where they think logically about concrete objects but may struggle with abstract concepts.
D. Abstract thinking develops during adolescence, allowing individuals to think logically about hypothetical situations, reason about moral issues, and engage in critical thinking.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. This option is incorrect as it does not describe the expected blood pressure difference in coarctation of the aorta.
B. Coarctation of the aorta typically presents with higher blood pressure in the upper body (arms) and lower blood pressure in the lower body (legs) due to the obstruction of blood flow distal to the aortic arch.
C. This option is incorrect because while coarctation can lead to decreased perfusion in the lower extremities, it does not typically result in decreased blood pressure in both the arms and legs simultaneously.
D. While increased blood pressure may occur in the arms, the legs would not typically show increased blood pressure in cases of coarctation.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. A child whose parents consistently answer questions on their behalf may indicate a lack of autonomy and could be a sign of potential abuse or neglect, as it may suggest the parents are controlling or overly involved.
B. A child who has frequent visitors does not inherently suggest abuse; in fact, it could indicate support and care from family or friends.
C. Frequent use of the call light could indicate a child's need for assistance or comfort but does not directly correlate with abuse.
D. A child with a BMI indicating obesity is not a definitive indicator of abuse; it may relate to dietary habits or lifestyle factors rather than abuse.