A nurse in the pediatric clinic is discussing Piaget's theory of cognitive development with a newly licensed nurse. The nurse should review which of the following types of thinking that occur during adolescent development?
Egocentric thinking
Preoperational Thinking
Concrete thinking
Abstract thinking
The Correct Answer is D
A. Egocentric thinking is characteristic of younger children in the preoperational stage, not adolescents.
B. Preoperational thinking applies to preschool-aged children and involves intuitive rather than logical reasoning.
C. Concrete thinking is typical of school-aged children in the concrete operational stage, where they think logically about concrete objects but may struggle with abstract concepts.
D. Abstract thinking develops during adolescence, allowing individuals to think logically about hypothetical situations, reason about moral issues, and engage in critical thinking.
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Correct Answer is ["B","C","E"]
Explanation
A. Cyanosis of the lips and tongue is not a typical finding in coarctation of the aorta; rather, it is more associated with cyanotic congenital heart defects.
B. Weak or absent femoral pulses are expected due to reduced blood flow to the lower body, as the coarctation typically occurs distal to the left subclavian artery.
C. Bounding pulses in the upper extremities are common because the blood flow to the upper body is increased, leading to stronger pulses.
D. High blood pressure in the lower extremities is not typical; instead, there is often lower blood pressure in the lower body due to the obstruction.
E. Poor feeding and irritability are common symptoms in infants with heart conditions, as they may be in distress or not getting enough blood flow to meet their metabolic needs.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. The meningococcal (MCV4) vaccine is typically recommended for preteens and adolescents, usually starting at age 11.
B. The hepatitis B vaccine is typically administered at birth, 1-2 months, and 6-18 months, so a 4-year-old may already have received this vaccine.
C. The varicella (VAR) vaccine is recommended for children at ages 12-15 months and again at 4-6 years, making it appropriate for a 4-year-old child.
D. The Haemophilus influenza type b (Hib) vaccine is usually given to children in a series before 5 years of age, but it is more commonly completed by age 2-3 years. The 4-year-old may already be up to date with this vaccine.