A nurse in the pediatric clinic is discussing Piaget's theory of cognitive development with a newly licensed nurse. The nurse should review which of the following types of thinking that occur during adolescent development?
Egocentric thinking
Preoperational Thinking
Concrete thinking
Abstract thinking
The Correct Answer is D
A. Egocentric thinking is characteristic of younger children in the preoperational stage, not adolescents.
B. Preoperational thinking applies to preschool-aged children and involves intuitive rather than logical reasoning.
C. Concrete thinking is typical of school-aged children in the concrete operational stage, where they think logically about concrete objects but may struggle with abstract concepts.
D. Abstract thinking develops during adolescence, allowing individuals to think logically about hypothetical situations, reason about moral issues, and engage in critical thinking.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. This option is incorrect as it does not describe the expected blood pressure difference in coarctation of the aorta.
B. Coarctation of the aorta typically presents with higher blood pressure in the upper body (arms) and lower blood pressure in the lower body (legs) due to the obstruction of blood flow distal to the aortic arch.
C. This option is incorrect because while coarctation can lead to decreased perfusion in the lower extremities, it does not typically result in decreased blood pressure in both the arms and legs simultaneously.
D. While increased blood pressure may occur in the arms, the legs would not typically show increased blood pressure in cases of coarctation.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. It is recommended to replace the child's toothbrush after 24 hours of starting antibiotics to prevent reinfection or spreading the bacteria.
B. A child with acute group A B-hemolytic streptococci should remain home from school until they have been on antibiotics for at least 24 hours, not for a full week, to reduce the risk of spreading the infection.
C. Warm compresses may be used to alleviate discomfort associated with sore throats or swollen glands; there is no contraindication to their use in this context.
D. Intramuscular injections are not a standard treatment for this condition; antibiotics are typically administered orally unless there are complications requiring different management.