A nurse in an ophthalmology clinic is interviewing a client who was referred by his primary care provider for suspicion of cataracts. The nurse should expect the client to report:
Having a decreased ability to perceive colors.
Having a loss of peripheral vision.
Seeing bright flashes of light and floaters.
Loss of central vision.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
Cataracts cause the lens of the eye to become cloudy, leading to a decreased ability to perceive colors. This is due to the scattering of light as it passes through the cloudy lens, which reduces the clarity and vibrancy of colors.
Choice B rationale
Loss of peripheral vision is more commonly associated with glaucoma, a condition where increased intraocular pressure damages the optic nerve.
Choice C rationale
Seeing bright flashes of light and floaters is typically a symptom of retinal detachment, a serious condition where the retina pulls away from its normal position.
Choice D rationale
Loss of central vision is often linked to macular degeneration, a condition that affects the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision.
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Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale
A family history of breast cancer is a significant risk factor because genetic mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, can be inherited and increase the likelihood of developing breast cancer.
Choice B rationale
Multiparity (having multiple pregnancies) is generally considered to reduce the risk of breast cancer. This is because pregnancy and breastfeeding lower the number of menstrual cycles a woman has, reducing her lifetime exposure to estrogen.
Choice C rationale
Exposure of the chest to high-dose radiation, especially during childhood or young adulthood, increases the risk of breast cancer. Radiation can cause mutations in breast cells, leading to cancer.
Choice D rationale
Previous cancer of the breast, uterus, or ovaries increases the risk of developing breast cancer. This is due to shared risk factors and the possibility of metastasis or recurrence.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Administering an IM injection does not typically require a gown as personal protective equipment unless there is a risk of exposure to blood or body fluids.
Choice B rationale
Completing a dressing change requires a gown to protect against potential exposure to blood or body fluids.
Choice C rationale
Administering an intermittent IV bolus medication does not typically require a gown unless there is a risk of exposure to blood or body fluids.
Choice D rationale
Talking to the client at the bedside does not require a gown as there is no risk of exposure to blood or body fluids.