A nurse in an ophthalmology clinic is interviewing a client who was referred by his primary care provider for suspicion of cataracts. The nurse should expect the client to report:
Having a decreased ability to perceive colors.
Having a loss of peripheral vision.
Seeing bright flashes of light and floaters.
Loss of central vision.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
Cataracts cause the lens of the eye to become cloudy, leading to a decreased ability to perceive colors. This is due to the scattering of light as it passes through the cloudy lens, which reduces the clarity and vibrancy of colors.
Choice B rationale
Loss of peripheral vision is more commonly associated with glaucoma, a condition where increased intraocular pressure damages the optic nerve.
Choice C rationale
Seeing bright flashes of light and floaters is typically a symptom of retinal detachment, a serious condition where the retina pulls away from its normal position.
Choice D rationale
Loss of central vision is often linked to macular degeneration, a condition that affects the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
A CD4-T-cell count of 180 cells/mm³ indicates severe immunosuppression in a client with HIV, making them highly susceptible to opportunistic infections. This is a critical value that requires immediate attention to prevent life-threatening complications.
Choice B rationale
A positive Western blot test confirms the presence of HIV antibodies but does not indicate the current immune status or the urgency of the client’s condition.
Choice C rationale
Platelets at 150,000/mm³ are within the normal range and do not indicate an immediate threat to the client’s health.
Choice D rationale
A WBC count of 5,000/mm³ is within the normal range and does not indicate an immediate threat to the client’s health.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Vision may be temporarily blurred after intraocular lens surgery, but significant vision reduction for 48 hours is not typical and should be reported to a healthcare provider.
Choice B rationale
Restricting lifting objects greater than 10 pounds is crucial to prevent increased intraocular pressure and potential complications after surgery.
Choice C rationale
Aspirin should be avoided as it can increase the risk of bleeding. Alternative pain relief methods should be used.
Choice D rationale
Warm compresses are not recommended as they can increase inflammation and discomfort. Cold compresses may be more appropriate.