A nurse in an oncology unit is assessing a client who has early-stage Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Productive cough.
Bone and joint pain.
Intermittent hematuria.
Enlarged lymph nodes.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
A productive cough is not a typical finding in early-stage Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Respiratory symptoms are more commonly associated with other conditions.
Choice B rationale
Bone and joint pain are not typical findings in early-stage Hodgkin’s lymphoma. These symptoms are more commonly associated with other conditions such as metastatic cancer or rheumatoid arthritis.
Choice C rationale
Intermittent hematuria is not a typical finding in early-stage Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Hematuria is more commonly associated with urinary tract infections or kidney conditions.
Choice D rationale
Enlarged lymph nodes are a common finding in early-stage Hodgkin’s lymphoma. This condition is characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells in the lymph nodes, leading to their enlargement.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
A phlebotomist who collects blood from clients who have HIV is at the greatest risk for contracting HIV. This is because they are frequently exposed to blood, which is a bodily fluid that can transmit HIV if proper precautions are not taken.
Choice B rationale
A nurse who works for an insurance company and collects urine samples from clients who have HIV is at a lower risk compared to a phlebotomist. Urine is not a common transmission route for HIV.
Choice C rationale
An occupational therapist who works with a client who has HIV is at a lower risk compared to a phlebotomist. Occupational therapists are not typically exposed to blood or other high-risk bodily fluids.
Choice D rationale
A personal trainer who works with a client who has HIV is at a lower risk compared to a phlebotomist. Personal trainers are not typically exposed to blood or other high-risk bodily fluids.
Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale
A family history of breast cancer is a significant risk factor because genetic mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, can be inherited and increase the likelihood of developing breast cancer.
Choice B rationale
Multiparity (having multiple pregnancies) is generally considered to reduce the risk of breast cancer. This is because pregnancy and breastfeeding lower the number of menstrual cycles a woman has, reducing her lifetime exposure to estrogen.
Choice C rationale
Exposure of the chest to high-dose radiation, especially during childhood or young adulthood, increases the risk of breast cancer. Radiation can cause mutations in breast cells, leading to cancer.
Choice D rationale
Previous cancer of the breast, uterus, or ovaries increases the risk of developing breast cancer. This is due to shared risk factors and the possibility of metastasis or recurrence.