A nurse in a provider's office is assessing an older adult client whose son reports that the client has been sick with a respiratory illness for the past 6 days. Which of the following assessment findings is a manifestation of pneumonia in the older adult client?
Narrowed pulse pressure
Bradycardia
Night sweats
Confusion
The Correct Answer is D
A. Narrowed pulse pressure: A narrowed pulse pressure can indicate various cardiovascular issues but is not a specific sign of pneumonia.
B. Bradycardia: Bradycardia may occur due to various reasons, including medications or underlying health conditions, but it is not a common sign of pneumonia.
C. Night sweats: While night sweats can occur with pneumonia, they are more associated with infections such as tuberculosis or certain malignancies. It's not a classic presentation.
D. Confusion: Confusion is a common manifestation of pneumonia in older adults due to hypoxia, dehydration, or fever. Older adults often present atypically with changes in mental status during infections.
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Correct Answer is ["A","C","E"]
Explanation
A. In patients who have renal disease. Diuretics can be used in renal disease to help manage fluid overload, although caution is needed based on the specific renal condition.
B. In patients who have fluid retention during pregnancy. Diuretics are typically avoided during pregnancy unless absolutely necessary due to potential risks to the fetus.
C. In patients with heart failure. Diuretics are a cornerstone of treatment for heart failure, helping to reduce fluid overload and improve symptoms.
D. In patients who are obese. While diuretics can be used for conditions associated with obesity, they are not specifically recommended for obesity alone without other indications.
E. In patients who have hypertension. Diuretics are commonly prescribed as first-line treatment for hypertension, helping to reduce blood volume and lower blood pressure.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Tachycardia: Theophylline can cause tachycardia as a side effect due to its stimulant properties.
B. Constipation: While gastrointestinal effects can occur, constipation is not a common or significant adverse effect of theophylline.
C. Oliguria: Theophylline is more likely to cause diuresis rather than oliguria.
D. Drowsiness: Theophylline typically causes stimulation rather than sedation, leading to increased alertness rather than drowsiness.