A nurse in a provider's office is assessing an older adult client whose son reports that the client has been sick with a respiratory illness for the past 6 days. Which of the following assessment findings is a manifestation of pneumonia in the older adult client?
Narrowed pulse pressure
Bradycardia
Night sweats
Confusion
The Correct Answer is D
A. Narrowed pulse pressure: A narrowed pulse pressure can indicate various cardiovascular issues but is not a specific sign of pneumonia.
B. Bradycardia: Bradycardia may occur due to various reasons, including medications or underlying health conditions, but it is not a common sign of pneumonia.
C. Night sweats: While night sweats can occur with pneumonia, they are more associated with infections such as tuberculosis or certain malignancies. It's not a classic presentation.
D. Confusion: Confusion is a common manifestation of pneumonia in older adults due to hypoxia, dehydration, or fever. Older adults often present atypically with changes in mental status during infections.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Friction rub: A friction rub is usually associated with pleuritis, not atelectasis. Atelectasis involves the collapse of alveoli and does not produce this sound.
B. Decreasing respiratory rate: Atelectasis generally leads to an increased respiratory rate as the body compensates for decreased oxygenation.
C. Increasing dyspnea: Increasing dyspnea is common in atelectasis as collapsed alveoli reduce oxygen exchange, leading to shortness of breath and increased respiratory effort.
D. Facial flushing: Facial flushing is not typically associated with atelectasis; instead, atelectasis leads to signs of respiratory distress, such as dyspnea and possibly cyanosis.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. "Use the peak expiratory flow meter once per week." The peak expiratory flow meter is usually recommended for daily use in asthma management to monitor lung function and detect any changes early.
B. "Take cromolyn sodium at the first sign of breathing difficulty." Cromolyn sodium is a mast cell stabilizer and is used as a preventative medication rather than for quick relief of symptoms, so it should be taken regularly as prescribed, not only when symptoms arise.
C. "Avoid triggers that cause an attack." Avoiding known asthma triggers is an important part of asthma management to prevent attacks and exacerbations.
D. "You should stop playing basketball, but you can swim instead." Exercise should not necessarily be avoided; instead, it should be managed appropriately with pre-treatment if needed. Avoiding all sports activities is not generally recommended.