A nurse in a provider's office is assessing an older adult client whose son reports that the client has been sick with a respiratory illness for the past 6 days. Which of the following assessment findings is a manifestation of pneumonia in the older adult client?
Narrowed pulse pressure
Bradycardia
Night sweats
Confusion
The Correct Answer is D
A. Narrowed pulse pressure: A narrowed pulse pressure can indicate various cardiovascular issues but is not a specific sign of pneumonia.
B. Bradycardia: Bradycardia may occur due to various reasons, including medications or underlying health conditions, but it is not a common sign of pneumonia.
C. Night sweats: While night sweats can occur with pneumonia, they are more associated with infections such as tuberculosis or certain malignancies. It's not a classic presentation.
D. Confusion: Confusion is a common manifestation of pneumonia in older adults due to hypoxia, dehydration, or fever. Older adults often present atypically with changes in mental status during infections.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. BUN 45 mg/dL and creatinine 8 mg/dL: These levels indicate significant kidney impairment; elevated BUN and creatinine levels are typical in chronic kidney disease.
B. BUN 8 mg/dL and creatinine 0.7 mg/dL: These values are within normal limits and suggest good kidney function, not indicative of chronic kidney disease.
C. BUN 10 mg/dL and creatinine 0.3 mg/dL: These values are much lower than expected in chronic kidney disease, indicating normal renal function.
D. BUN 23 mg/dL and creatinine 1.0 mg/dL: While these levels show mild elevation, they do not reflect the more severe impairment typically seen in chronic kidney disease.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Diabetes mellitus: Diabetes mellitus is a significant risk factor for UTIs due to elevated glucose levels in the urine, which provides an environment conducive to bacterial growth.
B. Anemia: Anemia does not directly increase the risk of UTIs. UTIs are more related to factors affecting the urinary tract and immune function rather than blood cell count.
C. Osteoporosis: Osteoporosis does not increase susceptibility to UTIs, as it primarily affects bone density and strength.
D. COPD: COPD is a lung condition and does not have a direct connection to an increased risk for UTIs.