A nurse in a prenatal clinic is caring for a client who asks what her estimated date of delivery will be if her last menstrual period began on November 15th.Which of the following is the appropriate response by the nurse?
July 12.
August 12.
August 22.
July 22.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
Calculating the estimated date of delivery (EDD) involves adding 280 days (40 weeks) to the first day of the last menstrual period (LMP). Starting from November 15th, adding 280 days results in an EDD around August 22nd, not July 12th.
Choice B rationale
Using the same calculation method, adding 280 days to November 15th results in an EDD around August 22nd, not August 12th.
Choice C rationale
This choice is close but not accurate. Adding 280 days to November 15th results in an EDD around August 22nd.
Choice D rationale
This is the correct calculation. Adding 280 days to November 15th results in an EDD around August 22nd.
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Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Nausea is a common symptom during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester. It is often referred to as morning sickness, although it can occur at any time of the day. The client’s report of nausea almost every day for the last two months, but lasting for a shorter period of the day, is consistent with typical pregnancy-related nausea.
Choice B rationale
Malodorous vaginal discharge is not a common or expected physiological change during pregnancy. It may indicate an infection or other medical condition that requires further evaluation and treatment.
Choice C rationale
Increased frequency of urination is a common symptom during pregnancy. It occurs due to hormonal changes and the growing uterus putting pressure on the bladder. The client’s report of voiding more frequently without pain is consistent with normal physiological changes during pregnancy.
Choice D rationale
Fundal height measurement is used to assess fetal growth and development. At 18 weeks of gestation, the fundal height is typically around 18 cm, which corresponds to the number of weeks of pregnancy. This finding is consistent with expected physiological changes during pregnancy.
Choice E rationale
The darkened line of skin noted midline on the abdomen, known as the linea nigra, is a common physiological change during pregnancy. It is caused by increased pigmentation and is a normal finding.
Choice F rationale
A dry, reddened patch of skin below the knee bilaterally is not a common or expected physiological change during pregnancy. It may indicate a dermatological condition or other medical issue that requires further evaluation.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
The umbilical cord does not typically contain one artery and one vein. This configuration would not provide the necessary blood flow to support fetal development. The umbilical cord must have two arteries to carry deoxygenated blood and waste products from the fetus to the placenta, and one vein to carry oxygenated blood and nutrients from the placenta to the fetus.
Choice B rationale
Two veins and one artery is also incorrect. The umbilical cord must have two arteries to ensure that deoxygenated blood and waste products are efficiently transported from the fetus to the placenta. Having only one artery would not suffice for the required blood flow.
Choice C rationale
Two arteries and one vein is the correct configuration of the umbilical cord. The two arteries carry deoxygenated blood and waste products from the fetus to the placenta, while the single vein carries oxygenated blood and nutrients from the placenta to the fetus. This arrangement is essential for maintaining proper fetal circulation during pregnancy.
Choice D rationale
Two arteries and two veins is incorrect. The umbilical cord only needs one vein to carry oxygenated blood and nutrients from the placenta to the fetus. Having two veins would be redundant and unnecessary for fetal development.