A nurse in a clinic is reinforcing teaching with a group of clients about preventing low back pain and injury. Which of the following statements should the nurse identify as an indication that the client requires further clarification?
I’ll wear low-heeled shoes from now on.
I’ll carry heavy objects close to my body.
I’ll sit with my knees lower than my hips.
I’ll do exercises that strengthen my abdominal muscles.
The Correct Answer is C
A. Wearing low-heeled shoes is advisable to promote better posture and alignment, so this statement is appropriate.
B. Carrying heavy objects close to the body is a recommended practice for preventing back injury, indicating correct understanding.
C. Sitting with knees lower than hips can lead to poor posture and increased strain on the lower back, indicating a need for further clarification. The correct position should have the knees level or slightly higher than the hips.
D. Strengthening abdominal muscles is beneficial for back support and injury prevention, indicating the client understands the concept.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
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B. Peptic ulcer disease is not associated with dementia, and the loss of nerve cells in the stomach does not lead to cognitive decline.
C. Peptic ulcer disease does not cause dementia by impacting neuron communication in the stomach.
D. Vascular dementia is often caused by stroke due to reduced blood flow or damage to the blood vessels in the brain, leading to cognitive decline and memory loss.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. The ascending tracts transmit sensory information to the brain, but they do not process the information; that function is performed in the brain itself.
B. This statement accurately reflects the function of the descending tracts, which carry motor signals from the CNS to the muscles, facilitating voluntary movement.
C. Sensory receptors are located in various tissues throughout the body, including the skin and muscles, but not exclusively in the muscles.
D. Motor neurons are located in the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system, not in the dermal layer of the skin, where sensory receptors reside.