A nurse finds a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus lying in bed, sweating, tachycardic, and reporting feeling lightheaded and shaky. Which of the following complications should the nurse suspect?
Hyperglycemia
Ketoacidosis
Nephropathy
Hypoglycemia
The Correct Answer is D
Rationale:
A. Hyperglycemia typically presents with polyuria, thirst, and blurred vision, rather than sweating and shakiness.
B. Diabetic ketoacidosis presents with symptoms like deep breathing (Kussmaul respirations), fruity breath, and confusion, not sweating and tachycardia.
C. Nephropathy does not cause these acute symptoms; it is a long-term complication involving kidney damage.
D. Hypoglycemia presents with symptoms such as sweating, tachycardia, shakiness, and lightheadedness, which match the client's presentation.
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View Related questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. A 2-hour blood glucose of 132 mg/dL is within normal limits, as levels under 140 mg/dL are considered normal after an oral glucose tolerance test.
B. A fasting blood glucose level of 155 mg/dL is above the normal threshold (greater than 126 mg/dL indicates diabetes).
C. A casual blood glucose of 178 mg/dL suggests hyperglycemia but does not meet the diagnostic criteria for diabetes unless associated with symptoms.
D. An HbA1c of 5.2% is well within the normal range (below 5.7%).
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Cushing’s syndrome usually causes hypertension, not hypotension, due to increased cortisol levels.
B. Weight gain, not weight loss, is a common finding in Cushing's syndrome due to fat redistribution (truncal obesity).
C. Hyperpigmentation is more associated with Addison's disease, not Cushing’s syndrome.
D. Diaphoresis (excessive sweating) can be a symptom of Cushing’s syndrome, caused by hormonal imbalances.