A nurse finds a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus lying in bed, sweating, tachycardic, and reporting feeling lightheaded and shaky. Which of the following complications should the nurse suspect?
Hyperglycemia
Ketoacidosis
Nephropathy
Hypoglycemia
The Correct Answer is D
Rationale:
A. Hyperglycemia typically presents with polyuria, thirst, and blurred vision, rather than sweating and shakiness.
B. Diabetic ketoacidosis presents with symptoms like deep breathing (Kussmaul respirations), fruity breath, and confusion, not sweating and tachycardia.
C. Nephropathy does not cause these acute symptoms; it is a long-term complication involving kidney damage.
D. Hypoglycemia presents with symptoms such as sweating, tachycardia, shakiness, and lightheadedness, which match the client's presentation.
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View Related questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Cushing syndrome is characterized by central obesity (excess adipose tissue in the trunk), slender extremities, a moon-shaped face, and other features like a buffalo hump. This is due to prolonged exposure to elevated cortisol levels.
B. High levels of potassium and low levels of sodium are not associated with Cushing syndrome, which typically presents with hypokalemia and hypernatremia.
C. Wasting of the abdomen is not a feature of Cushing syndrome. The skin may become fragile, but it is not typically calloused.
D. Edema is not a primary feature; rather, fat redistribution to the trunk and face is more common.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. The classic symptoms of diabetes insipidus include polyuria (diuresis), which leads to dehydration and increased thirst as the body attempts to compensate for the fluid loss.
B. Stress incontinence, vomiting, and edema are not associated with diabetes insipidus; they are more relevant to other conditions.
C. Dizziness, hypertension, and excitability are not typical symptoms of DI and may indicate other medical conditions.
D. Bradycardia, insomnia, and muscle cramps are also not characteristic of diabetes insipidus and can be related to different health issues.