A nurse finds a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus lying in bed, sweating, tachycardic, and reporting feeling lightheaded and shaky. Which of the following complications should the nurse suspect?
Hyperglycemia
Ketoacidosis
Nephropathy
Hypoglycemia
The Correct Answer is D
Rationale:
A. Hyperglycemia typically presents with polyuria, thirst, and blurred vision, rather than sweating and shakiness.
B. Diabetic ketoacidosis presents with symptoms like deep breathing (Kussmaul respirations), fruity breath, and confusion, not sweating and tachycardia.
C. Nephropathy does not cause these acute symptoms; it is a long-term complication involving kidney damage.
D. Hypoglycemia presents with symptoms such as sweating, tachycardia, shakiness, and lightheadedness, which match the client's presentation.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Clammy skin is associated with hypoglycemia, not diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
B. A rapid pulse can be present in DKA, but it is not a definitive indicator of the condition.
C. Polydipsia (excessive thirst) is a hallmark symptom of DKA, as the body tries to compensate for the severe dehydration caused by hyperglycemia and osmotic diuresis.
D. Confusion can occur in DKA, but it is usually a later sign when the condition becomes severe and metabolic acidosis worsens.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Dry skin, rather than moist skin, is a common finding in hypothyroidism due to decreased metabolism and circulation.
B. Bradycardia (slow heart rate) is expected in hypothyroidism because of reduced metabolic activity and cardiac output.
C. Fatigue and increased sleep, not insomnia, are common in hypothyroidism due to decreased energy levels.
D. Blurred vision is not typically associated with hypothyroidism; vision changes are more common in hyperthyroidism, particularly with Graves' disease.