A nurse finds a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus lying in bed, sweating, tachycardic, and reporting feeling lightheaded and shaky. Which of the following complications should the nurse suspect?
Hyperglycemia
Ketoacidosis
Nephropathy
Hypoglycemia
The Correct Answer is D
Rationale:
A. Hyperglycemia typically presents with polyuria, thirst, and blurred vision, rather than sweating and shakiness.
B. Diabetic ketoacidosis presents with symptoms like deep breathing (Kussmaul respirations), fruity breath, and confusion, not sweating and tachycardia.
C. Nephropathy does not cause these acute symptoms; it is a long-term complication involving kidney damage.
D. Hypoglycemia presents with symptoms such as sweating, tachycardia, shakiness, and lightheadedness, which match the client's presentation.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Bradycardia is not specifically associated with Addison's disease and can occur in various conditions.
B. Addison's disease typically causes hyperkalemia, not hypokalemia, due to insufficient aldosterone production.
C. Hypotension is a common manifestation in Addison's disease because of inadequate cortisol and aldosterone, leading to decreased blood volume and vascular resistance.
D. Hypernatremia is not typical in Addison's disease; rather, clients usually experience hyponatremia due to the lack of aldosterone leading to sodium loss.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Normal pulse and respiratory rates do not indicate the expected tachycardia or Kussmaul respirations in DKA.
B. This option shows a slower heart rate, which is not typical of DKA where tachycardia is expected.
C. In diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), clients typically exhibit tachycardia due to dehydration and deep, rapid Kussmaul respirations as the body attempts to correct the acidosis.
D. The vital signs in this option do not reflect the expected findings of DKA, such as tachycardia and deep respirations.