A nurse finds a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus lying in bed, sweating, tachycardic, and reporting feeling lightheaded and shaky. Which of the following complications should the nurse suspect?
Hyperglycemia
Ketoacidosis
Nephropathy
Hypoglycemia
The Correct Answer is D
Rationale:
A. Hyperglycemia typically presents with polyuria, thirst, and blurred vision, rather than sweating and shakiness.
B. Diabetic ketoacidosis presents with symptoms like deep breathing (Kussmaul respirations), fruity breath, and confusion, not sweating and tachycardia.
C. Nephropathy does not cause these acute symptoms; it is a long-term complication involving kidney damage.
D. Hypoglycemia presents with symptoms such as sweating, tachycardia, shakiness, and lightheadedness, which match the client's presentation.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Regular soda provides a fast-acting source of glucose, which is essential for quickly raising blood sugar levels in a hypoglycemic event.
B. While oral glucose tablets are a good option, they may not act as quickly as soda in this case, especially if not immediately available.
C. Milk contains lactose, which takes longer to convert into glucose and is not ideal for rapidly raising blood glucose levels.
D. Hard candy can work, but soda is often faster in delivering glucose.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. In hyperparathyroidism, calcium levels are typically increased due to excessive parathyroid hormone activity, leading to calcium mobilization from bones.
B. Parathyroid hormone levels would generally be increased in hyperparathyroidism as the parathyroid glands produce more hormone in response to low calcium levels, but the condition itself is defined by elevated hormone levels.
C. Increased phosphate levels are expected due to the effects of elevated parathyroid hormone causing increased renal excretion of phosphate while allowing calcium to rise.
D. Magnesium levels can vary, but they are not typically significantly elevated in hyperparathyroidism; thus, increased magnesium is not a standard finding.