A nurse educator is presenting about the long-term effects of witnessing intimate partner violence (IPV) on children. The nurse knows that the material was understood if the staff accurately identify which of the following as adverse childhood events (ACES) impacting children? Select all that apply
Living in a household with substance abuse and domestic violence
Discipline using "time out".
Childhood abuse
A child behind in reading skills
Neglect
Correct Answer : A,C,E
Rationale:
A. Living in a household with substance abuse and domestic violence is an ACE that can significantly impact a child's development and mental health.
B. Discipline using "time out" is generally considered a less harmful form of discipline and not classified as an ACE.
C. Childhood abuse is a significant ACE that has long-term effects on physical and mental health.
D. Being behind in reading skills is an educational concern but not classified as an ACE.
E. Neglect is an ACE that can severely affect a child's development and well-being.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Appendicitis is a common condition and does not inherently increase the risk of fatal abuse.
B. A fractured humerus may be concerning but is not as high-risk for fatal abuse as younger children with significant disabilities.
C. A child with cerebral palsy, especially at a young age, is at higher risk of fatal abuse due to increased dependency and vulnerability.
D. Varicella (chickenpox) is a contagious disease but does not significantly increase the risk of fatal abuse.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. 2004 is incorrect. While the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) was reauthorized in this year, it was originally enacted earlier.
B. 1998 is incorrect. This was the year the first version of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act was passed.
C. 2008 is incorrect. This year saw further reauthorization and amendments to the TVPA but is not the original enactment year.
D. 2000 is correct. The Trafficking Victims Protection Act was first enacted in this year, making trafficking a federal crime and establishing measures for victim protection.