A nurse at an ophthalmology clinic is providing teaching to a client who has open-angle glaucoma and a new treatment regimen of timolol and pilocarpine eye drops. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide?
Administer the medications 5 minutes apart.
Hold pressure on the conjunctival sac for 2 minutes following application of drops.
It is not necessary to remove contact lenses before administering medications.
Administer the medications by touching the tip of the dropper to the sclera of the eye.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A: Administer the Medications 5 Minutes Apart
Administering the medications 5 minutes apart is crucial when using multiple eye drops. This practice ensures that each medication has enough time to be absorbed without being washed out by the subsequent drop. This is particularly important for medications like timolol and pilocarpine, which are used to manage intraocular pressure in glaucoma.
Choice B: Hold Pressure on the Conjunctival Sac for 2 Minutes Following Application of Drops
Holding pressure on the conjunctival sac (punctal occlusion) for 2 minutes after applying eye drops can help reduce systemic absorption and increase the local effect of the medication. However, this instruction is not as critical as the timing between administering different eye drops.
Choice C: It Is Not Necessary to Remove Contact Lenses Before Administering Medications
This statement is incorrect. Contact lenses should be removed before administering eye drops to prevent contamination and ensure proper absorption of the medication. The lenses can be reinserted after a sufficient amount of time has passed, usually around 15 minutes.
Choice D: Administer the Medications by Touching the Tip of the Dropper to the Sclera of the Eye
This statement is incorrect. The tip of the dropper should never touch the eye or any other surface to avoid contamination. The correct method is to hold the dropper above the eye and squeeze out the prescribed number of drops into the conjunctival sac.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Distorted perceptual field is more commonly associated with severe anxiety or panic attacks rather than moderate anxiety. In severe anxiety, a person’s ability to perceive reality can be significantly impaired, leading to distorted perceptions and an inability to focus.
Choice B reason:
Urinary frequency can be a symptom of anxiety, but it is not specifically indicative of moderate anxiety. It can occur in various levels of anxiety, including mild, moderate, and severe. However, it is not as prominent a symptom as others like rapid speech or restlessness.
Choice C reason:
Rapid speech is a common symptom of moderate anxiety. Individuals with moderate anxiety often exhibit signs of increased nervousness and agitation, which can manifest as rapid or pressured speech. This symptom reflects the heightened state of arousal and the difficulty in controlling anxious thoughts.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Albuterol is primarily a bronchodilator and does not significantly reduce inflammation. Anti-inflammatory medications, such as corticosteroids, are typically used to address inflammation in the airways.
Choice B reason:
While albuterol can help reduce coughing episodes by opening the airways and making breathing easier, it is not its primary function. Coughing can be a symptom of bronchospasm, which albuterol helps to relieve.
Choice C reason:
Albuterol is effective in preventing wheezing by relaxing the muscles around the airways, which helps to open them up and allow more air to flow through. This action helps to alleviate wheezing, a common symptom of asthma and other respiratory conditions.
Choice D reason:
The primary function of albuterol is to open the airways. It is a bronchodilator that works by relaxing the smooth muscles around the airways, allowing them to widen and making it easier to breathe.
Choice E reason:
Albuterol does not stimulate the flow of mucus. Its main action is to relax the airway muscles and improve airflow. Mucus production is typically managed by other medications or treatments.