A nurse at a pediatric hotline receives a call from a mother who plans to administer aspirin to a toddler for a fever and wants to know the dosage. Which of the following statements by the nurse is an appropriate response?
"Give her acetaminophen, not aspirin."
"You'll have to call your physician."
"Give her no more than three baby aspirin every 4 hours."
"Follow the directions on the aspirin bottle for her age and weight."
The Correct Answer is A
A. "Give her acetaminophen, not aspirin.": Aspirin is contraindicated in children due to the risk of Reye's syndrome, a rare but serious condition that affects the liver and brain, especially during viral illnesses like the flu or chickenpox. Acetaminophen is a safer alternative for fever management in children.
B. "You'll have to call your physician.": While seeking physician advice is important, the nurse has a duty to provide accurate, immediate, evidence-based guidance to prevent harm.
C. "Give her no more than three baby aspirin every 4 hours.": Recommending aspirin dosing is unsafe due to the risk of Reye's syndrome.
D. "Follow the directions on the aspirin bottle for her age and weight.": Providing this advice without addressing safety concerns is inappropriate and potentially harmful.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Apply oxygen by nasal cannula: Applying oxygen can be beneficial but is not the immediate priority during an active seizure. Protecting the airway comes first.
B. Turn the client to a lateral position: This action prevents aspiration by keeping the airway clear if the client vomits or has excessive secretions.
C. Administer an anticonvulsant medication: Medications may be necessary later, but immediate safety and airway protection take precedence.
D. Check the client’s oxygen saturation: Monitoring oxygen saturation is important but should follow positioning to ensure airway protection.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Haemophilus Influenza Type B (HIB) Vaccine and TDAP. HIB vaccine reduces the incidence of meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae, but TDAP does not target pathogens responsible for meningitis.
B. Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) and Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV). IPV prevents polio but has no impact on meningitis incidence. PCV is correct for preventing Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis.
C. DTAP and Varicella Vaccine. DTAP does not prevent bacterial meningitis, and varicella vaccine prevents chickenpox, not meningitis.
D. Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) and Haemophilus Type B (HIB Vaccine). These vaccines directly prevent bacterial meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, which were previously leading causes of meningitis in children.